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ORIGINAL PAPERS 



RELATING TO 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 



1780, 



Mostly Selected from the papers of General Benjamin 

Lincoln, in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection, 

Lenox Library, Hew York, and now 

first published. 



IFROM THE CITY YEAR BOOK FOR 1897.] 



Press of 

Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co. 

charleston, s. c. 



ORIGINAL PAPERS Z^ 



RELATING TO 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 



1780, 



Mostly Selected from the papers of General Benjamin 

Lincoln, in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection, 

Lenox Library, He^K^ York, and now 

first published. 



LFROM THE CITY YEAR BOOK FOR 1897.1 



Press of 

Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co. 

charleston, s. c. 

1898. 



THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 

1780. 

One of the most remarkable as well as significant expres- 
sions of public opinion in all parts of the United States since 
"the late War between the States," has been the growth of 
patriotic societies, having their genesis in the events of tlie 
War of Independence. It is remarkal)le as following so soon 
after the colossal struggle between the armed forces of the 
Union and the Southern Confederacy, and signiticant of the 
fact that deep down in the hearts of the people of all sections- 
of our common country is the feeling of reverence and 
respect for that common ancestry which, by united efforts, 
sacrilices and sufferings, in the 1775-83 period, laid the 
foundations of civil liberty and self-government in the West- 
ern world. 

For the current Year Book a number of interesting papers 
have been secured, relating to the siege and capture of Charles- 
Town in 1780. Most of these documents have ne^-er before 
been in print, some being copies from MunselFs "Siege of 
Charleston," a rare volume, (only 100 copies printed in Al- 
bany, I*^. Y., in 1867) loaned by ex-Mayor C^ourtenay. The 
original and now iirst printed papers, belonged to Genl. Bejij. 
Lincoln, of Rhode Island, who was in command of the 
American Army in South Carolina in 1780, and remained 
in his family through a century of time, when they were sold 
in Boston some years ago and purchased by Thos. Addis 
Ennnet, M. D., of New York, whose chief annisement, in 
the leisure hours of a long, active and distinguished professional 
life, had been the collection of Americana. 

In 1896, Mr. John S. Kennedy, a merchant of New York, 
purchased from Dr. Emmet his extensive and splendid library 
of autographic letters, public documents, rare portraits, battle 



scenes, etc., of the Colonial and Revolutionary period, 
gathered during thirty odd years in the cities of Europe and 
America, and presented it to the Lenox Library. 

The j)rice paid was something less than $200,000.00, and 
one of the conditions was that the collection should be kept 
together and known as the "Emmet Collection" in the new 
buiUling soon to be erected for the Astor, Lenox and Tilden 
foundations. 

In making use of a portion of these rare, costly and most 
interesting papers, tlie Lincoln papers being only a small 
portion of the whole Library, every reader should recall the 
fact that to Thos. Addis Emmet, M. D., is due the high 
honor of creating this magnificent historical collection. 
Acknowledgments are due to the ''Directors of the New 
York Public Library" for permission to photograph and copy 
such papers as were desired, and also to Mr. Eames, the most 
obliging Librarian, for his considerate assistance in promoting 
the necessary work. 

To insure accuracy in the transcrij^ts, made from the origi- 
nal manuscrijits, this part of the work was intrusted to Mr. 
Victor H. Paltsits, of the Lenox Library, whose exj^erience 
and skill may be depended upon for the best results. 

A¥ith this brief introduction some account of that imjiortant 
event, the capitulation of Chai'les-Town, in May, 1780, and 
the circumstances that led to it, will now l)e given. 

The defeat of Sir Peter Parker's fleet l)y Col. Moultrie's 
brave garrison on Sullivan's Island, 28th June, 1776, which 
the historian Bancroft descril)ed as "the bright and the 
morning star, which went before the Declaration of American 
Independence," gave nearly four years release to Charles- 
Town from the penalties of war. During that long period, 
it was the depot for military supplies, and the safe base of 
operations, for the patriot soldiers throughout the State. 

The failure to wrest Savannah from British control in 
October, 177i>, initiated a series of reverses to the American 
arms in the Southern Department, of which the loss of Charles- 



5 

Town was tlie most disastrous, and so it was that the cause 
of Independence was kept ahve for three years in South 
CaroHna by Marion, Sumter, Pickens and other irrepressible 
partisan leaders v/lio, as a matter of fact, with their undaunted 
followers, practically kept up their active resistance without 
a government, and without pay. 

Sir Henry Clinton, Commander in Chief of the British 
Army in North America, with headquarters in New York, 
having positive intelligence that D'Estang's fleet, which had 
co-operated in the attack on Savannah, had left the coast of 
C'arolina for the AVest Indies, gathered a large fleet of 140 
transports, conveying a large land force, supplied with every 
material for a siege, and covoyed by a heavy naval armament, 
under Admiral Arbutlmot, and sailed from New York 24th 
December, 1779. 

The following ships of war accompanied the expedition: 
Kussell and Robuste, each 74 guns; Europe, I)eiianc(^ and 
Raisonable, each 64 guns; Renown, 50 guns; Roebuck and 
Romulus, each 44 guns; and other smaller armed vessels. 

Early in February the troop ships entered North Edisto, and 
the investing army and material were landed on John's Island, 
Several ships blockading the entrance to Charleston Harbor. 

The British Army and its supplies were moved leisurely 
over the Stouo River and Wappoo Cut to the west l)ank of 
the Ashley Ferry, and moved down the Peninsular between 
the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, having crossed the latter river 
unopposed. 

It seems not to have occurred to any one that the east shore 
of Ashley River was a better line of defence than the line 
actually occupied, about where Vanderhorst and Charlotte 
Streets are now located. 

Brig. -Gen. Benj lincoln, of Rhode Island, was at this 
time in connnand at Charles Town. A contemporary record 
says: "His power as a mighty commander was too limited, 
"and his inuttejice with the Cloverument of the State too 
"weak, to draw forth even the means it possessed, in time 



6 

"for its protection. Tlie representations made to the Gov- 
"ernnient bj Gen. Lincoln were not disregarded, but the 
"Executive found it impracticable to obtain labor for these 
"interesting objects " 

A fair estimate of the forces engaged, puts the British 
Army at 11,000, with a very full equipment in all depart- 
ments. 

The American forces, including the County Militia, and 
all the sailors from the vessels in the harbour, did not probably 
exceed 5,000. 

Preparations for the investment of the Town having been 
com])leted, the first labors of the siege were begun on the 1st 
of April, and the first parallel commenced eight hundred 
yards from the American lines. 

Early in March, 49 sail of large ships with provisions from 
Cork, Ireland, convoyed by the Richmond and Raleigh, each 
32 guns, arrived and landed their cargoes into depots pre- 
pared for their reception. 

On the 7th April, 13 British war vessels, favored by a 
heavy rainstorm at high water, which mostly obscured them 
from view, passed the forts without serious injury. Four 
frigates, a French armed ship, and several smaller vessels 
formed the naval armament for the harbor defence of the 
Town when invested. They were under the command of 
Commodore Whipple, of lihode Island. After tlie entrance 
of the British fleet^ these vessels were moved up to the Town, 
and "two of them were sunk in the mouth of Cooper liiver 
to prevent the enemy from entering that channel." 

"As consideratle time had elapsed since the first appearance 
of the enemy the defences of the Town on the land side had 
been made <piite effective; and although not in a condition 
to resist a regular siege, were of very respectable strength." 

On the 9th of April the enemy's first parallel, extending 
across the neck was completed, and guns mounted in Battery. 

As the object of this publication is not to give details of 
the military operations, but rather to publish a selection of 



the chief papers relating to the capitulation, some interesting 
correspondence, which passed between prominent officials of 
the respective commands, is now" presented. 

It is worthy of remark, however, that the received opinion 
in historical circles has been, and now is, that the letters from 
the British headquarters were prepared by Major John Andre, 
who was subsequently concerned with General Benedict 
Arnold in the treachery proposed for the seizure of West 
Point by the British, and who was captured and executed a^ 
a spy by General Washington's approval of the finding of 
the Court Martial which tried him. 



WHIPPLE TO LINCOLN. 

On Board the Friot. Providence, 
Jany. 22d, 1780. 

Dear Genl. — I send a immber of Prisoners taken in Brig- 
antine Lady Crossby from New York bound to Savannah, for 
further jjarticulars Col. Laurens will inform you. — 

Prisoners Vizt. 

Phillip Saward, commandr. of the Brig. 

Boyle Aldworth, Ensg. 46th British regt. 

Joshua Hamilton, Storekeeper to the New Levies. 

Thomas Crone, Passenger. 

f John Porter, Passenger. 

fWilliam Dodge, Passenger. 

f John Monie, Carpenter. 

f Hustons, Seaman, 

C Charles Winman, do. ] 

! Michael Barry, do. retained on board 

] John Wright, boy. 1 of the Commodore. 

Peter Bush, Negro retained on board. J 



fSteplien Williams, Col. Tlobinsons regt. new levies. 
fJordau Norris, do. 

fAliaslmelit Herwilliger, do, 

f Thomas Domiison, do. 

fSjlvenns Cronk, do. 

After congratulations am dear Genl, 
your most Obedient 

and very huml. 
Servt. — 

ABKAHAM WHIPPLE. 
M. Gl. LINCOLN. 

[Endorsed:] 

Commodore WHIPPLE. 

Jany. 22, 1780. 

(Note. — This relates to a vessel fi'om Clinton's expedition becoming 
separated in a storm and captured.) 



PATERSON TO HUGER. 

March 24th, 17S0. 

Sir — The unmilitary and irregular manner in which your 
flag of truce, has presumed to approach His Majestys Army, 
has put me under the disagreeable necessity, of detaining the 
persons who bore it, until my duty permits me to release 
them, and they have very narrowly escaped, theiljeing cut to 
pieces, by the picketts of the line. 

Your request, Sir is unprecedented, and out of every usage 
and "custom of war; Nothing, but the danger or health of a 
prisoner of war, C(^ud any way authorise such a request; I 
am indispensably ol)liged, to refuse it; Had the Humanity of 
British Arms, not exceeded the justice? You woud have had 
no prisoners to have looked for. 

I. PATERSON, 

£riy. Genl. 
Brigadr. G. HUGER. 



9 

26th. 
P. S. two persons, not specitied in your letter, have pre- 
sumed (in violation of all martial law, and custom) without 
permission, to attend the flag of truce, which persons I am 
indispensably obliged to retain as prisoners of war. 

I. PATERSON, 

B. G. 
B. G. HUGER. 

[No endorsement visible.] 



A COUNCIL OF WAR. 

Charlestown, March 27th, 17S0. 

Council of War held at Charles-Town & consisting of the 
following members. 
Major Genl. Lincoln. 

/ Moultrie, No. 
Brigr. General ] IVIcIntosh, No. 

( IIf>gun, No. 
Col. Parker, Yes. Lt. Cols. Grimke, No. 

Col. Malmedy, No. Lytle, No. 

Col. Beekman, No. Huger, No. 

Col. Heth, No. Mebane, No. 

Col. Simons, No. Hopkins, Yes. 

{\A. Laumoy, No. Henderson, No. 

(Jul. Skirving, No. Smith, No. 

Col. Clark, No. 
Col. Garden, No. 
Col. Marqs. de Bretigny, Yes. 
Col. Shepherd, No. 

The General laid before the Council the state of fort Moul- 
trie and rerpiested their opinion whether it was advisable under 
the present state of that fort & of the town now to evacuate 



10 

the fort to wliicli they answered by yeas & nays as marked 
above.- — 

Passed in the Negative. 

The General then requested the opinion of the Council 
whether the Garrison ought to be reinforced from this town. 

Passed in the Negative. 



COUNCILS OF WAR. 

General Lincoln having laid before the Council a Letter from 
Genl. Clinton, this Morning summoning the town to surrender, 
a general state of our supplies from the Commissary's returns, 
& such provisions as remained belonging to the Frigates, — a 
return of the strength of the Garrison from the Dy. Adjt. 
Genl. and a Letter from Governor Rutledge stating the suc- 
cours we might expect — He requested the Council would well 
consider which was the best line of Conduct to be pursued 
in the present posture of affairs, and give their opinion thereon. 

Some time having l)een spent on that matter, the Council 
adjourned for an Hour. 

The Council having met again in the Hour Work, the 
following question was proposed. 

Whether a further Opposition ought to be made under our 
present circumstances or Terms of C-apitulation proposed ? 

Which Question was answered by the Officers as marked. — 



RUTLEDGE TO LINCOLN. 

April 7th, 1780. 

Dr: Sir — Reflecting on the insulting manner, in which 
the Enemy's Gallics have fired, M'ith Impunity, on the town, 
I was led to consider, & I submit to your better Judgment, 
whether a Surprise of those Gallies, & of the two Batteries 



11 

near Wappoo, miglit not be attempted, by a Body of resolute 
Seamen, & tried veteran Troops, witli great prol)ability of 
sucess ? — The Troops miglit be landed, by Boats, in a Creek 
on Ashley River, about half a Mile to the Northward of the 
two Gun Battery — The Gallies do not appear to be well 
man'd, & I believe have no Idea of being boarded — If the 
Land & Naval forces could cooperate, (on a Signal to be 
ilxed on,) the Enterprise might be more easily effected, &, 
if the Batteries were taken, the Gallies would be unsupported 
by them — Tlie Consequences of this Measure, successful, wd. 
be great — It would much disconcert the Enemy, deprive 
them of their Communication, by Wappoo-Creek, with 
Ashley-River, & of their Command of that River, & give 
us that Command, which, their Gallies, added to our own, 
& in Conjunction with our Batteries, might perlia])s pre 
serve — 

I proposed conversing with you, this ]\Iorning, on this 
Matter, but, seeing you engaged with Colo. Pinckney, wd. 
not interrupt you — 

If you think the Object worthy of Consideration, you may 
have, from Mr. William Harvey, any Infoi'niatit»n y<^u desire, 
respecting the Grt>und — 
I am 

Dr: Sir 

Yr. most obed: Servt. 

J. RLTTLEDGE. 
Genl. LINCOLN. 

[Endorsed by Gen. Lincoln:] 
"Genl. Rutledge. 
Apl. 7th, 1780." 

At a Council of General & Field Officers held in the Gar- 
rison of Charles Town, May Sth, 1780. 
Present Major General Lincoln. 

Moultrie Terms. 

Mcintosh Terms. 



Brio-adiers Genl. 



Colonels. 



Lieut. Colonels. 



12 

Woodford Terms. 

Scott Terms. 

Du Portail. . . .Terms. 
Hogun Terms. 

Pinckney Opposition. 

Russel Terms. 

Gist Terms. 

Clark Terms. 

L'anmoy Terms, 

Patten Terms. 

Neville Terms. 

Heth Terms. 

Beekman Opposition. 

Henderson Opposition. 

Mebane Terms. 

Lytle Terms. 

Laurens Opposition. 

Harney Terms. 

Ball Terms. 

Wallace Terms. 

Caml)ray Terms. 

Ho])kins Opposition. 

Ternant Terms. 

Cahell Terms. 

Neville Terms. 

Clark Absent. 

GrindvC Terms. 

Clarkson Opposition. 

Hoffff Terms. 

Anderson Opposition. 

De Bralim Terms. 

Stephenson. . . .Absent. 



Captains of tlie 
Contl. Frigates. 



13 

Majors. Croghan Terms. 

Habersham. . . .Terms. 

l^elson Terms. 

Waggoner Terms. 

Harleston Absent. 

Mitcbel Terms. 

Pelham Terms. 

Lewis Terms. 

Hacker Opposition. 

Ratliburn Opposition. 

Tncker Opposition. 

Simpson Opposition. 

Whipple Absent. 

Simons Terms. 

McDonald Terms. 

Skirving Terms. 

Garden Terms. 

Tinning Terms. 

Smith Terms. 

Huger Terms. 

Grimball Terms. 

Monltrie Terms. 

Baddley Terms. 

Majors of Postell Terms. 

Militia. Barnwell Terms. 

James Terms. 

Lyle Terms. 

Swinton Terms, 

Harris Terms. 

Taylor Terms. 



Colonels of 
Militia. 



Lieut. Colonels 
of Militia. 



14 

Tliese transcripts are made from the maiuiseripts now pre- 
served in the New York Pubhc Library (Lenox Bnilding), 
and form a part of the collction of Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, 
which was presented to the said Library by John S. Ken- 
nedy, Esq., in 1896. The following papers are bound in a 
folio volume, extra-illustrated by the insertion of appropriate 
portraits, maps and views, and for which a special title-page 
was printed, which reads as follows: 

"A Letter from Gen. Benjamin Lincoln to Gen. Washing- 
ton giving an account of the Siege of Charleston, S. C. 
From Gen. Lincoln's Papers. Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D. 

New York 1890." 

A half-title reads: 

"Copy of a Letter from Gen Lincoln to Gen. Washington, 
giving an account of the Siege of Charleston, with other 
documents, all of which were from the Lincoln papers." 

VICTOK LI. PALTSrrS, 
. Lenox Lihrary Building. 



LINCOLN TO WASHINGTON. 

(private copy.) 

HiNGHAM, July 17, 1780. 
Could a consciousness of having the fullest intentions to 
serve my Country, and a sincere attempt to have executed 
such intentions have so availed me as to have discharged ye 
debt of re8ponsil)ility to ye Public for my conduct while their 
servant, and especially to you, my dear Genl. as my com- 
mandg Officer, I should have saved you the trouble of this 
long epistle — But, as it cannot, — I do, with the greatest 
cheerfulness, give yr. Excy the followg short state of matters 
wt. regard to Chas. Town, which will, in some measure point 
you to ye causes of ye loss of that place, and to ye line of 
conduct pursued by me as Senior Officer, before, and at the 
time of it's surrender — 



15 

Some questions on this Subject will, I think, naturally arise 
in yr Exc'ys inind — and, in order that I may write more 
intelligibly, I shall suppose, and endeavor to answer such 
as follows — 

first. — Why the defence of Chas. Town was undertaken — 

Though I pretend not to plead an express order of Con- 
gress directing ye defence of Chas. Town — yet must observe 
that the followin[g] Acts of theirs it [sic'] conveyed an idea 
to me that it was their intentions that the measure should 
be adopted, and that it was right in itself — circumstanced as 
we were. 

As early as Jany. 1, 1776, when Congress were informed 
that an attack was intended upon Chas. Town, they 
immedly recommended that a vigorous defence should be 
made. 

In ye beginning of ye year 1779, when Congress were 
informed that ye subjugation of So. Carolina was an object 
which claimed the enemy's attention — they sent Lt. CoPl 
Caml)ray, an Engineer, to So. Carolina for the express pur- 
pose of fortifying ye town of Chas. Town (in which business 
he was employed until it's surrender.) 

On ye 10 of Novenn-. following, when ye enemy's designs 
no longer remained a doubt, they, (Congress) ordered three of 
ye Continl. frigates to Chas. Town, for ye defence of it's 
harbour — And, on my frequent representations to yem. that 
succours were necessary for defending ye town, they ordered 
them accordingly — and at no time intimated to me that my 
ideas of attempting ye defence of it were imj)roper — 

That ye measure was right in itself, circumstanced as we 
were, will I hope appear, when it is considered that Chas. 
Town is the only mart in So. Carolina, and ye magazine of 
the State — That it's natural strength promised a longer delay 
to ye enemy's operations than any other port in the Country — 

In abandoning it we must have given up the Continl. 
ships of war, and all our stores, while there was yet a prospect 
of succour — for the harbour had been blocked up by a 



16 

siipericjur iiaval force, previous to the debarkation of tlie 
Troopg — '^llie stores could not liave been removed by water, 
and ye Waggons we had, or conld have procured, would have 
been unequal to ye transportation of our baggage, and our 
field-artillery — The place, abandoned, would have been garri- 
soned by an inconsiderable force, while the enemy's army 
would have operated unchecked by our handful of troops, 
unal)le to oppose them in ye field, or impede their progress 
through the country — and, had our expected succours arrived, 
we could only have ultimately submitted to ye inconveniences 
of an evacuation without our stores, when further opjjosition 
no longer availed. 

Secondly — ^AVhy the army, stores, &ca. were not brought 
oft', when it appeared that the post could no longer be main- 
tained — 

The expectation that our succours, when arrived, would so 
cover our right as to render an evacuation practicable, when 
it should become expedient, had been an argument in leading 
us to attempt a defence — That we had every reason to ex]:)ect 
these succours, is apparent from ye assurances I reed from ye 
State of So. Carolina that tliey would call down 2U00 of their 
MiKtia. 

— That the Governor of Xorth Carolina would send on the 
remainder of the draughts made the last fall, amounting to 
1500 — that he would order to endjody and march, when called 
for 2000 more (They were called for) — and that he would 
permit Geid. Rutherford to march with all the Volunteers he 
could collect — of these I was encouraged to expect 500 — 
Besides, His Excy gave me reason to expect that, as soon 
asye Assend)ly should meet, further aid would be given — This 
will appear by extracts of his letters to me of ye 16 of ~ Feljy 
last — 

"I have been honored with your favors of ye 15th of 
"Decemr., 3rd, 8th, 24tli, 29th, and 31st. ultimo— I certainly 
"should have done myself ye pleasure of answering them long 
''before this, if I had not waited in full expectation of ye 



17 

" Assemblj'.s meeting, and taking tlieni under consideration — 
"My liopes and expectations in that particular have been 
"baffled, a sufficient number of members to constitute th'e Genl. 
"Assembly have not appeared, though appointed to meet on 
"ye 25th ultimo, and those who have met are now about to 
"disperse, and leave the important matters for the next Genl, 
' ' Assendjly to take up — - 

"A Genl. election will take place on the 1(> of March, and 
■ ' I shall convene the members as soon after as possible — 

"In the mean time I have issued orders to assemble 2000 
"militia on ye borders of So. Carolina, to ye westward of P. 
"D., when they will be ready to march to your assistance, if 
"necessary, or be employed in tlis State as exigencies require. ' ' 

"I have written to Genl. Rutherford to give you every 
"assistance in his power, and not wait further orders from me 
"to march himself, if need be, with such Yolnnteers as can 
' ' suddeidy be collected. ' ' 

' ' I have in the most earnest, and pointed terms, written to 
"the Brigadiers in ye several Districts in ye State to order 
"on every man of the late draughts — -and I Hatter myself the 
"present alarming accounts of ye arrival of the British troops 
"to the So. ward, will stimulate them and other Officers to an 
"innnediate discharge of the duties of their respective stations, 
"by which means we may hope to get the nmnber voted by 
"the State into ye tield.'" 

The remainder of Genl. Scott's Brigade was ordered on, 
which amounted to about 400 — and the Virginia State-troops 
about 500 more — Genl. Ilogun's Brigade, The Virginia 
Line, and Colonel Washington's Horse, amounting, as returned 
by Congress to me, in the whole to 3000 and odd. — 

Thus you see that the whole succours ordered were 9,900 
Men of this number we reed into Garrison — 
2 



18 

Of So. Carolina Militia 300 

No. Carolina Militia 3t M) 

General ITogun's Brigade GOO 

The Virginia Line from ye Army 750 1350 

1950 

The greatest part of the i emainder we expected would soon 
arrive — but, in that, we were disappointed — On these Orders 
and assurances were our hopes of succours founded — 

To facilitate their arrival, and to aid in ]>rocuring supplies 
for them, and ye (Tarrison, His Excellency Governor Ilutle<]ge 
was persuaded to leave the Town about the 12th of A])ril, 
and take post in ye Country between the Cooper and Santee — 
That we might derive the best services from these troops, a 
work was ordered to be thrown up at Caintoy, a strong 
command'g ground on ye Wando, nine miles from town, 
which was intended to be a Deposite of our Stores — anotlier 
was directed, and partly thrown up at ye point of Lempriere's 
to keep open ye communication wh. ye Town by boats — as 
no armed Vessels, if they should pass our Obstructions in ye 
River, could lay l)etween ye Works of the Town, and those 
on ye point — a ]>ost was also ordered at Lenerd's ferry over 
the Santee, to collect, and secure the boats, necessary, wh. 
dispatch, to cross our expected succours, and, wh. facility, 
to effect a retreat, should that become necessary — 

On ye 16 of April, I was informed that our Horse (which 
had been posted near Monk's Corner for the pnrpose of cover- 
ing that part of ye Country, and our succours, who were 
marching in detachmt.) had been surprised, many of them 
taken, and the remainder dispersed — And that the enemy had 
fallen down on ye Peninsula between the Cooper and ye 
Santee, with their Horse, about 250, and about 000 infantrj^ — 
Previous to this unhappy event, and while we were expecting 
such ample succours, I leave your Excellency to Judge 
whether we could have retreated with honor — and, whether, 



19 

liereby, tlie moment of doing it with a probability of success 
was not lost, or, at least, that it could not then be attempted 
with propriety — I beg to offer your Excy ye opinion of a 
Council of Officers on this head — 

At a Council of Officers held in Garrison C'has. Town 20th 
and 21st of April 1780. 

Present Major Genl. Lincoln. 

Brigadiers Moultrie, Mcintosh, Woodford, Scott, and 
Ilogun. Colonels, Lau Moy, Engineer, Beekman, Artilly, 
and Simons, Commandr. C. T. Militia. 

Genl. Lincoln laid before the Council the strength of the 
Garrison — the state of the provisions — the situation of ye 
enemy — the information he had reed relative to reinforce- 
ments — and the state of the oljstructions, which had been 
tlirown into the river, between the Excliange and Shute's 
folly — He requested the opinion of the Council what measures 
the interest and safety of ye country calls us to pursue under 
our present circumstances — They advised, as a i-etreat would 
be attended with many distressing inconveniences, if not ren- 
dered altogetlier impracticable from ye under-mentioned 
causes — Viz — tirist The Civil Authority were [6'/6'] utterly 
averse to it, and intimated in Councils, if it was attempted, 
they would counteract ye measure — 

Second — It was to be performed, under this apprehension, 
in face of an enemy much superior to us, across a river three 
miles broad, in large Ships and vessels, ye moving of which 
must be regulated by ye wind and tide — 

Third — Could these Obstacles be surmounted,' and ye troops 
transported, we must force oui- way through a very consider- 
able Body of ye enemy, who were in full jDOSsession of ye 
passes, on our route to ye San tee, ye only road by wh. we 
can retreat — 

Fourth. Supposing us arrived at that river, New and 
dangerous difficulties are again to be encountered from the 
want of boats to cross it with an Army wasted and worn down 
by action, fatigue, and famine — and closely pursued, as we 



20 

must be by tbe enemy's Horse and infantry, who from ye 
delay we must inevital)ly meet, might he detached enough 
from the lines to reach us.) 

That Oilers of capitulation before our aifairs become more 
critical should be made to Genl. Clinton, wdiich would admit 
of ye army withdrawing, and afford security to ye persons and 
property of ye inhabitants. 

Signed WM. MOULTEIE. LAUMOY. 

LAUCHK. McINTOSII. P>. BEEKMAN. 

WM. WOODFORD. M. SIMONS. 

CHAS. SCOTT. JAMES HOGUN. 

The terms proposed in conserpience thereof were rejected — 
We did not think proper at that time to recede from them, 
as there was a hope left that succours might arrive, open our 
communication, and give us an opportunity of retreating — 

And as iinally we should be in no worse situation, when we 
had delayed ye enemy as long as possible, which was an 
ol>ject worthy our attention, as it would give ye people in ye 
neighliouring States an op]iy to rouse and embody. 

And as delaying ye operations of the enemy soward would 
afford the Northern States time to till uj) their Battalions and 
be prepared for future service — 

About ye 19 of Apl. ye reinforcemt. f rom N. York arrived, 
which enabled the enemy to strengthen with that force ye 
Troops on ye peninsula, and to take post on Haddrell's point, 
which ol)liged us to abandon Lempriere's — The better to 
eifect a remove, should an opportunity offer, two twenty gun 
ships were kept mantled, and all ye other boats and vessels 
in readiness to move at ye shortest notice — 

The propriety of attempting a retreat came again before a 
Council of Officers on ye 26 of April — 

Present with me. 

Brigadiers Moultrie, Mcintosh, Woodford, Scott, Dupor- 
tail, Hogun — Colonel Simons, and Capt. Whipple. 

I proposed to ye Council "whether, in their opinion the 



21 

evacuation of the Garrison was an expedient and practicable 
measure. 

"Tlie Council were unanimously of oj)inion tliat it was not 
expedient as l)eing impracticable" — This was signed by ye 
Gentn. above named — 

No oppy, more favorable, offered before ye Capitulation — 
for Lord Cornwallis posted himself (after garrisoning Ilad- 
dreirs and Lempriere's) in St. John's parish — his right to- 
wards ye Cooper, and his left towards ye Wando — His force 
from ye best information I could obtain exceeded two thousand 
men, besides the Light-Horse — 

Under these circumstances and the high assurances made 
me that I should be succoured, and reinforced, no person, 
will, I am persuaded, (as I said before) suppose that the Town 
could, wh. propriety, have been abandoned previous to ye 16 
of April, when I reed information that our Horse had been 
routed, and that ye enemy had taken post betw^een ye Santee 
and the Cooper — and subserpient to that period, many were 
the difficulties which intervened, and would have attended an 
atteni])t to retreat — The enemy's approaches had been brought 
within three hundred yards _ of our lines — The troops must 
have embarked, and have crossed the Cooper, in full view of 
ye enemy, on board large Shij^s and Vessels, I'egulated 
altogether by the Wind and Tide. — They must have landed 
at Lempriere's point, or up the Wando — from either of which 
places they had forty miles only to march, before they reached 
ye Santee, a large navigable river, between which and ye 
place of del)arkation, lay the enemy — in whose power it was 
to break down ye bridges, and encumber ye roads, and to 
destroy ye boats at the ferries, which would have effectually 
prevented our crossing ye river, and delayed us until ye 
enemy, from the lines, had reached the Santee, which they 
would have been able to do nearly as soon as we could, by 
following us in their boats, and landing at Scott's ferry — 
or, had they marched by land, and crossed the Cooper above, 
(the means of which were in their power) they would have 



22 

had but fourteen miles farther to march than we should — had 
we been so fortunate as to find boats, where we wished 
them — viz, Lynche's and Lenerd's ferries — but should we 
have been reduced, from the want of boats, to follow the 
river farther up, we must have marched across ye enemy's 
line — Besides these obstacles, almost insuperable in themselves, 
we had a movement to effect, which required ye utmost secresy 
[sic], in opposition to ye opinion and %vislies of the Civil 
aul hority — 

Thirdly. Whether the necessary supplies of provisions 
were in time ordered, and why the defence of the Town was 
undertaken with so small a quantity in it — 

In the latter end of July last, at the close of ye campaign, 
I made an estimate of the supplies, which would proljably be 
wanted for the next, estimating our force at six thousand men, 
and gave orders to the several departments accordingly. 

As from the warmth of the southern Climate, it has l^een 
found difficult to cure and preserve salted provisions — and as 
article of salt was not at all times to be obtained, in sufficient 
quantities, our dependence for meat has generally been on 
fresh beef, with which, the greatest part of the year, the 
country abounds; — which, while the Country was open to us, 
could always be procured, and, by which, the Army was with 
more ease supplied — 

I was induced to order, in the first place, two thousand 
barrels of beef, and the same quantity of jjork, only, to be 
put up — but, on the failure of ye expedition against Savannah, 
the Commissary received orders to increase the rpiantity to 
five thousand barrels of each — The Country did not afford us 
flour — ])ut rice in plenty — 

As my })apers, containing my orders on this head, are not 
here, I beg to recite an extract of a letter from Mr. Rutledge, 
the Commy of Purchases, being in pohit — 

"The latter end of July, when you did me the honor of 
"appointing me to the Office of purchasing Commissary, you 
"sent me an indent of such provisions as would be necessary. 



23 

"for the ensiiingCainpaign-- Among other articles two thousand 
"barrels of beef, and as many of pork — After the repnlse at 
"Savannah, in conscqnenee of a letter yon wrote to the Gov- 
"ernor, I was desired to provide in addition to your order 
"three thousand barrels of beef, and the same number of 
"pork''— 

While our right flank was kept open, and our communica- 
tion with the country preserved, ample supplies of provisions 
could l)e daily thrown into tlie Garrisons — Tliat our connnu- 
nication would be maintained, we had the highest expecta- 
tions — and from this we were induced to attemt [sic] a defence 
of the Town, so that, when it was found there was in Gar- 
rison a sufiiciency of provisions to supply the Troops, while 
they could maintain the post against ye regular approaches of 
the l)esieging army, an evacuation, founded on ye shortness 
of our supplies, could not have been justilied^ — 

Fourthly — -AVhether the state of the Department was from 
time to time represented to Congress, and the necessary 
succours called for. 

To evidence that every attention was paid to this matter, 
would be easy for me, if I could lay l)ef(tre Your Excellency 
all my letters to C'Ongress, the States of So. and No. Car- 
olina — but to examine them 7ioiv would engross too much of 
your time — ^I therefore shall transcribe one of them only — 
and that to the Committee of Congress, and remind you of 
the many, the receipts of which, have been acknowledged by 
His Excellency Governor Caswell, and the measures he pursued 
in consecpience of them; and that Colonel John Laurens, and 
Major Clarkson waited on Congress at my request, and stated 
to them, viva voce, our weak and defenceless state, and 
solicited the necessary aid — 

Chaelestown, So. Carolina, Oct. 27, ITT'J. 
To the honhle Coinmittee of Correspondence: 

Gentlemen — I did myself the honor to address you on the 
22d by Major Clarkson — 1 gladly emlu-ace this opportunity l)y 
Colo' Laurens, who is kind enough to repair to Philadelphia 



24 

and to Genl. Washingtons Hd Qrs to represent tlie particular 
and distressed situation of tliese southern States, to solicit 
further reinforcements and to aid in forwarding such as shall 
be ordered — That a respectable body of disciplined troops are 
necessary here and j^robably will be more so is to [sic^ evident 
to be questioned if we mean to secure these States. When 
we consider the advantages that would result to Britain on her 
possessing them and the disadvantages to the United States, 
her policy must to her the necessity and importance of sub- 
jugating them; for hereby she will secure their trade in 
general; a supply of lumber and provisions for the West 
India Islands for the want of which they now labour many 
eml)aras[s]ments; hereby she will secure to herself many 
valuable harbours on the shores of the Continent contiguous 
to lier Islands where she can secure her fleets sent for the pro- 
tection of her own trade and for the annoyance of her 
enemies — hereby she will secure a great acquisition of territory 
and strength for the disaffected will readily engage in her 
cause, the ludians w^ill be spirited easily supplied and without 
diUiculty retained in her service — They will open to them- 
se'.ves a communication through the lakes with C-anada and by 
•the numerous tribes of savages in our inland frontiers, keep 
them constantly in war, destroy their growth, liap])iness and 
prosperity, if not depopulate them — In the same ])roportion 
as they acfjuire strength we debilitated. Besides, if the 
southern States are lost we have not only tlieir proportion of 
the common debt thrown upon the other States who are now 
groauing under the idea of the weight of their own bui'thens 
but it will give a fatal wound to our paper currency and- 
probably add more to the depreciation of it than any that has 
already happened; for the exiJectation that in some future 
day it will be redeemed stamps it with value, as this is lessened 
the value of it must decrease. If the enemy are permitted to 
enjoy the extremes of the United States from which they can 
with ease enlarge their own limits and circumscribe ours we 
shall soon be in the most unhappy situation; — encircled by 



25 

land and cooped by sea — What mor e would tliey liave to do 
than to keep garrisons in the middle States, ruin tJieir trade 
and open a generous one southward and eastward. Besides 
the advantages which would accrue to the enemy by enjoy- 
ing these States which are I think sufficient inducement to 
attempt a subjugation of them — They will also be enc<raraged 
to the measure by considering what little expence and hazard 
they would oljtain them with. Their rear is covered l^y tlieir 
friends — ^their right by their marine and their left l)y the 
disaffected and the Indians. Indeed if this town was in their 
possession from the natural strength of it — They connnanding 
at sea all the forces they could bring against it would be 
ineffectual to regain it. There are some among tlie many 
reasons which induce me to l)elieve that the enemy will rein- 
force their troops already in this quarter and attempt to extend 
and secure their conquests; and that it is of the first impor- 
tance to the safety and well being of the United States, effectual 
to counteract their designs. Such are the arguments which 
remind us of our interest — There are others which more 
immediately affect our feelings. When shall we find an 
asylum for those who have hitherto lived in affluence and 
plenty and who by their exertions in the cause of their country 
are become peculiarly obnoxious to the connnon foe? Shall 
we leave them to the cruel alternative only of suffering the 
ignominious insults of an unfeeling enemy aud wearing at 
least those chains which they have at so nnich hazard sought 
to shun or foregoing their former happiness and reduced to a 
situation little short <jf beggary and want force them to seek 
shelter in some neighbouring State. Honor and Humanity 
both forbid it. 

The necessity of sending troops will further appear Mdien it 
is considered that the enemy have in this (piarter about 3000 
men, that they expect a large addition to that number, that 
the whole of our forces of Cyontinental troops now in this State 
is short of one thousand men — That 150 men may be expected 
from No. Carolina and about 800 from Virginia by General 



26 

Scott, — the whole less than 2000. What militia No. Caro- 
lina will send is yet uncertain. Most of them which can be 
drawn ont in this State will be needed for the back parts of 
the Conntry to restrain the unfriendly and the savages — To 
convince the people here that Congress have their safety at 
heart, and will snpport them and to discourage every idea 
that they are to make terms for themselves is of the utmost 
importance. I can not help felicitating myself- in the belief 
that troops may be spared from the northward as the cam- 
paign must be near over and as the return of Genl. Sullivan 
may be shortly expected and that they will be sent especially 
as the ol)jection to it formerly made of a long march <fec are 
now ol)viated; for part of Count d'Estaings fleet l)eing in 
Chesapeak Bay which with our frigates will be a sufficient 
cover to their passage by water and will give us speedy and 
certain reinforcements. If the troops come by water I have 
to request that the board of war may l)e directed to send on 
with them the articles mentioned in the enclosed list. A du- 
plicate I have sent to them from the AA^est Indies. Some of 
the Vessels were taken and others came to a bad market; for 
a more minute State of matters in this department and for a 
fuller representation of the miseries that await us without 
prompt reinforcements I beg leave to refer you to Lieutenant 
Colonel Laurens from whose knowledge in war and critical 
observation you may expect the most perfect intelligence. 
I have the honor to be &c, 

B. LINCOLN. 

5th. Whether the marine arrangement was such as best 
to answer the purposes intended l)y Congress in sending the 
frigates to Charlestown. 

It was tlie general if not the universal opinion that armed 
ships lying before the bar of ( 'harlestown would effectually 
secure its pass and it was some time after the arrival of the 
ships before I had even an intimation that to occupy a station 
near the l)ar would be attended with hazard. 



27 

On a siifi^gestion of this kind I wrote the follo^ving letter to 
Commodore Whipple: 

Hd. Quarters Charlestown, 
Janry. 30, 17S0. 

Dear Sir — By yonr instructions yon will observe that you 
were sent with frigates under yonr command as a protection 
to this part of tlie United States and I have no doubt of your 
zeal and that of your officers in the Common Cause or of your 
utmost exertions for the defence of this State. — Your duty 
will be if possil)le to prevent the enemy from entering the 
harbour if that should be impracticable, you will in the next 
place oppose them at Fort Moultrie. I have lately been in- 
formed that with an easterly wind and flood tide it will be 
impossible for a ship to lye with her broad side to the enter- 
ance of the 1)ar. To ascertain this matter is of importance; 
you will therefore as early [as] possil)le have the internal part 
of the bar and the adjacent shoals sounded and buoyed hj 
some of your officers and the best pitch you can obtain. 
After that you will please in company with the Captains of 
the several ships to reconnoitre the enterance of this harbour 
and see whether there is a possibility of the sliips lying in 
such a manner as to command the passage and leave their 
station if it should become necessary. 

When you and yonr Captains have enquired and considered 
the matter you will be so good as to report your opinions. 

I am &c, 

B. LINCOLN. 
Comre WHIPPLE. 

I[n] answer to the above the Commodore gave me the 
following letter directed to him: 

Sir 

Having considered General Lincolns re<|uisition to you of the 
3(»th Ult whether there is a possibility of the shipping lying 
in such manner as to command the j^assage at the bar of 



28 

Cliarlestown harbour and leave their station it" it should 
become necessary; after having sounded and buoyed the en- 
terance and made such observations as appeared to us neces- 
sary do declare upon due deliberation that it is in our opinion 
impracticable; our reasons are that when an easterly wind is 
blowing and the flood making in (such an opportunity as the 
enemy must embrace for this purpose) there wall be so great 
a swell in tive fathom hole as to render it impossible for a 
ship to ride moored athwart which will afford the enemies 
ships under full sail the advantage of passing us. Should they 
effect that, the continental ships cannot possibly get up to fort 
Moultrie as soon as the enemies. 
We are &c, 

signed by Cap. HACKEr. 
and a number of other officers. 
Commodore WHIPPLE. 

Notwithstanding this representation I was so fully convinced 
of the necessity and importance of the ships covering the bar 
and having no information that there was not a sufficiency of 
water at all times to float thejn — I wrote the following letters 
and orders to the Commodore: 

Charlestown, Febry. 13, 1780. 
Dear Sir 

I have attentively read the letter from Captain Hacker and 
others to you on the subject of anchoring the shij^s before the 
bar at the enterance of this harbour. I am nmcli obliged to 
you and the gentlemen for your attention to my request — I 
am fully convinced that at some particular times it may be 
difficulty [sic] if not impossible to lie M'itli the Broad Side of 
the ships to the Channel and that there will be a riscpie of 
losing the ships should they take their station in and near Ave 
fathom hole, yet I am fully convinced that the probable [sic] 
they will render them should they attempt to come over the 
bar and the evils consequent on their getting into this harbour 



29 

and that the attempt on^ht to l)e made and that the measure 
can 1)6 therel)j jut^titied — for the eafety of this town lies in 
reducing the enemies attempts on it to a land attack — If the 
mouth of the harl)our is left uncovered by the sliips they can 
in the first place bring in their frigates and cover their heavier 
ships while they lighten and get them over the bar — This 
may be at a time when it may be impossible if our ships are 
within fort Moultrie to get doM'n to annoy them. 

If Sir the ships should take post to act in conjunction with 
fort Moultrie which would greatly support it and while that 
remained in our possession the enemy might be checked in 
their progress to town. But if the enemy should by work on 
liaddrels point reduce that that [sic] fort you must hnmediately 
leave your station before it and should you be followed by 
the ships which may 1)0 got over the bar you nmst be driven 
into the rivers and the front of the town left uncovered. 
From these considerations I am induced to recpiest that you as 
soon as possible station, the Providence, Boston, Bricole and 
Truite with such gallies as in your opinion may be serviceable 
near the l)ar so as best to command the entrance of it, I 
M'isli to have the pleasure of seeing you this morning. 

I am &c, 
Connnodore WHIPPLE. B. LINCOLN. 

The weather prevented the ships from falling down imme- 
diately and on an examination the Conmiodore found and 
reported to me that there was not a sufhcient depth of water 
to lye so near the b..r as to connnand the enterance of it. 
This was so new an idea and if true the ships would be ren- 
dered of so much less use than was expected that I called upon 
the sea officers with the pilots to make the critical examina- 
tion into the matter 6: report. 

Head Quarters, Charlestown^ Feb. 26, 1780. 
Sir 

I find by some observations I made yesterday difficulties with 
respect to the frigates under your command anchoring near 



30 

the bar wliicli from the representations made to me I did not 
expect. As the design of yonr being sent to this department 
was if possible to cover the bar of the harbour a measure 
highly necessary therefore an attempt to do it should be made 
but on the fullest evidence of its impracticability. 

I have therefore to request that you will as soon as may l>e 
report to me the depth of water in the channel from the bar 
to what is called five fathom hole and what distance that is 
from the bar. — Whether in that distance there is any place 
where your ships can anchor in a suitable depth of water — If 
any place how far from the bar — Whether there you can 
cover it and whether at this station You can be annoyed by 
batteries from the shore- — Whether a l)attery can be thrown 
up by us so as to cover the ships so cover that as to secure a 
retreat of the gari-ison if it should become necessary to bring 
off the garrison. 

If you cannot anchor so as to cover the bar you will please 
to give me your opinion where you will lie so as to secure this 
town from an attack by sea and best answer the purposes of 
your being sent here and the views of Congress and the reasons 
for such an opinion — In this matter you will please to consult 
the Captains of the several ships and the pilots of this harbour. 
You will keep your present station or one near thereto ujitill 
you report unless an opportunity shall offer to act offensivel}' 
against the enemy or your own safety should make it necessary 
for you to remove — In either case you will judge. 

I am &c, 

B. l.mCOLN. 

Commodore WHIPPLE. 

I thought the anchoring the ships near the bar so as to 
cover it of such importance that although I could not doubt 
but from the officers and pilots I should have a just and 
impartial and just representation yet I did not content myself 
without spending two days in a boat on this business — 

When it was found impracticable for the ships to anchor as 



^ 31 

was first expected & that tliey could not lye in five fathom 
hole beyond reach of hatteries from the shore It was de- 
termined that they ought to take such station as to act in con- 
junction with fort Moultrie as will appear by the following 
report, the truth of which was verified by my own observa- 
tion — 

Port of Charlestown, Febry. 27, 1780. 
HoND Sir: 

Yours of yesterday we have received and after having con- 
sidered and attended to the several requisitions therein con- 
tained l)eg leave to return the following answer — At low water 
there is eleven feet from the bar to five fathom hole — five 
fathom hole is three miles from the bar where you will have 
three fathoms at low water — They cannot be anchored untill 
they are at that distance from the bar — In the place where 
the ships can be anchored the bar cannot be covered or 
annoyed. 

Ofi: the north breaker head where the ships can be anchored 
to moor them that they may swing in safety they Mall lay 
within one mile and an half of the bar. 

If any batteries are thrown up to act in conjunction with 
the ships and the enemies force should be so much superior as 
to cause a retreat to be necessary it will be impossible for us 
to cover or take them off. 

Our opinion is that the ships can do more effectual service 
for the defence & security of the town to act in conjunction 
with fort Moultrie which we think will best answer the pur- 
poses of the ships being sent here and consequently if so the 
views of Congress — 

Our reasons are that the channel is so narrow between the 
fort and the middle ground that they ma}^ be moved so as to 
rake tlie channel and prevent the enemys troops being landed 
to annoy the fort. 

The enemy we apprehend may be prevented from sounding 
and buoying the bar by the brig Grenl. Lincoln, Notre Dame 



32 

and other small vessels that may occasionally [he] employed 
for that purpose. 

We are &c, 
Signed hy FOUR CAPTAINS & FIA^E PILOTS. 
General LIXCOLN. 

In consequence of the ahove report the ships were removed 
to act in conjunction with fort JNlonltrie and an attempt was 
made to ohstrnct the channel in front thereof but from the 
de]:)th of water the width of the channel and the rapidity of 
the tide the attempt proved al>ortive. 

On the enemys getting over the bar a force far superior to 
what was expected and with which our ships could by no 
means cope and from a consideration tliat if the enemy should 
pass the fort and our ships with a leading wind and Hood tide 
and an anchor to the leeward of them it would have been 
impossible for them to have got out of reach of the enemies 
guns or to be protected by the fort we were obliged to 
abandon the former idea of acting in conjunction with fort 
Moultrie and to adopt a new one. After I received an answer 
to the following questions which were proposed to the 
Captains Whipple, Rathluirn, Hakker, Tucker, Simpson, 
Lockwood and Pyne. 1st, Whether in their opinion the 
obstructions which are now attempted to be laid across the 
channel in front of Fort Moultrie if effected, will be suihcient 
will be sufficient 1 to check the progress of the enemys ships 
now in this liarbour if they should attenqit to pass them 
under the advantages of a leading wind and flood tide. 2d, 
If the enemy should pass the fort and the American Ships 
under the circumstances aforesaid and should anchor to 
the leeward of them whether the fort could act in conjunction 
with and support our ships. If they cannot whether they can 
change their station so as to escape the enemys Are. 3d, 
Whether they think from the present situation and force of 
the enemy and the state of Charlestown our ships can take a 

So repeated in original ms . 



33 

station m wliieh tliej can probably render more essential 
services than in their present and where. 

Answer to the iirst (piestion. 

We are fnlly of oi)inion that the present or even any obstruc- 
tions we can throw in the way of the enemy will be insuthcient 
to check such heavy ships as the enemy now have in the 
harbour. 

A to the 2d Q Should the enemy ]mss us they can anchor to 
leeward of us and we cannot be protected by fort Moultrie or 
shall we be able to run our ships out of the way. 

A to the 3 Q That we are also of opinion that we ought to 
leave our present situation. 

We beg leave to observe that when we rec<nnmend [.svV^] 
this as a suitable Station it was at a time when the enemies force 
off the bar did not exceed half what they now have in the 
harbour and when we had every assurance that a ship larger 
than 50 guns could not be got over the l)ar. 

Signed by CAPTAIN WHIPPLE, 

and all the others before mentioned. 

Hereon I was induced to order the ships up to town dismantle 
the heaviest of them, strengthen our batteries with their guns 
and man the forts with their seamen; and we attempted to 
encumber the channel between the town and Shutes Folly as 
before mentioned. 

I have been thus particular under this head because the 
public supposed that the ships could be so stationed as to com- 
mand the bar and from this consideration I supposed Congress 
were induced to send them to South Carolina — 

6th, Whether the necessary exertions were made to coinpleat 
the works and fortifications of the town. 

The State of So. Carolina was early and repeatedly called 
upon to bring in their blacks and to finish their works for little 
progress therein could be expected from our troops whose 
number were too inconsiderable to promise much — They were 
however the greatest part of their time on duty. To show 
3 



34 

liow far I interested myself in this business I beg leave to 
insert tlie depositions of Mr. Cannon and Mr. Gamble on this 
bead. I should have omitted them in this letter could I have 
been sure that in any other way I should have had an oppor- 
tunity of laying them before you; but of this I cannot be 
certain you will therefore I trust excuse it. 

June 28, 1780, Philadelphia. 
The declaration of James Cannon : 

I resided in Charlestown from ye 5 day of Janry. 1778 to 
the 9th of April 1780. On the evening of the last mentioned 
day left it with General Lincolns dispatches; and having the 
honor of being connected with some of the first men in office 
in the State of So. Carolina and frecpiently in the Genls 
fanuly while liis (puirter[s] were in Charlestown. 

I declare 

That I had frequent opportunities of Knowing the sentiments 
of the best informed or the General's conduct, while com- 
manding in the southern department, and tliat I uniformly 
found the ideas of his merit and abilities to rise in proportion 
to the degree of information — That I have l)een witness to his 
pressing with much earnestness the certainty of an intended 
invasion, and the necessity of strenuous and timely exertions 
to provide against it. 

That he lost no time in fortifying Charlestown as well as 
the means put into his power and the skill of the engineer 
would accomplish it. 

That he took every step, which prudence, ability and Zeal 
for the safety of the Town could inspire, to call forth the 
utmost exertions of the State at Large, and town in perticular 
to put it into the best state of defence — Ever turning out 
himself, not only to assist on the works, but to set an example 
of emulation that none might think it beneath him to give his 
Assistance, but that all ought to turn out, when they saw 
their Commander in Chief sul)mit to the common duties of 
fatigue men to push on the Works — And that this was not 



sr, 

only the exertions of one honr to excite emnlation, but his 
constant practice going out with tlie foremost in the morning, 
and returning with the last in the Evening, untill the near 
approach of the enemy call'd for him to other duties — That 
I have been constantly, and at all times in the day, round the 
works from the time of the enemies landing on James Island, 
and don't recollect, Ever to have lieen for an hour at any one 
part of them, without seeing the General ride round for the 
purpose of viewing them, and by his presence inspiring the 
fatigue men with ardor and industry. And that it is my 
oppinion, that no man could have applied himself with more 
diligence & activity to put the place into the best possible 
state of defence, nor would it have been easy for any man to 
have done as nuich, and extreamly difficult to have done more 
with the same means — 

JAMES CANNON. 

Philadelphia ss Before me Plunket Tileston* [sic] one of 
the Justices &c personally came Mr. James Cannon and made 
Oath and did depose that the Contents of the foregoing 
declaration is just & true- 
Sworn the 30th day of June, 1780. 

PLUNKET TILESTON [sic]. 

Philadelphia, 30th June, 1780. 
Being from loth of February to the 17th of April, 1780, 
when I became unlit for service by a contusion from a cannon 
that imployed as a manager on the publick Works in 
Charlestown, and I had the constant opportunity of marking 
General Lincolns attention to the construction of every work 
necessary for the defence of the place. By his perticular 
order and direction, I fortifyed from the French Battery on 
Gibbs Wharf to the Sugar house battery on Savages Green, 
on the Ashley River side of the Town, cutting a wet ditch 12 

*The name is c«>rrectly as follows ; Plunket Fleeson, and is so in the 
original deposition, and in a goi^i/ of the Lincoln letter. But Lincoln 
has misread it. V. H. P. 



36 

feet Wide with a regular Glacis, and a range of oblique 
pickets in front of the Old line. I also hy his Orders cut the 
Marsh from P^ergusons beach to within about two hundred 
yards of CHinimins Point Battery, rendering it impassable for 
boats at High Water and to the infantry when dry by a drain 
& Bank. Next at his command I stopped a creek 7 feet deep 
in front of our lines on the left, the whole compleated under 
his sole inspection. — ^I was concerned in every Work erected 
or repaired to the ITtli of April in which time the General 
was always one of the first at and last from the works, giving 
directions to the overseers and encouraging the labourers, and 
in my opinion no man could have been more diligent in fortify- 
ing, more vigilant, more cautious oi" have l)ehaved with more 
bravary in the defence of Charlestown then General Lincoln — 

ARCHIBALD GAMBLE. 

Philadelphia, ss. 

Before me Pliinket Tileston one of the Justices &c came 
Archibald Gamble and made Oath that the contents of the 
within declaration is just and true. Sworn the 30th day of 
June 1780. 

PLUNKET TILESTON. 

7th. Whether the defence of Charlestown was conducted 
with that military Spirit & determination which justice to 
their Country & themselves demanded of its Garrison — this is 
a question delicate and important. 

Charlestown is situate on a pemiensula formed by tlie conflux 
of the Cooper & the Ashley — having field works in its rear 
the front & flanks cover' d by lines batteries tfc; Marshes — The 
whole extent little short of four Miles — 

The enemy landed the 12th of Feby in force on the south 
part of John Island between twenty & thirty Miles from 
Charlestowni with the Ashley & the Stono intervening, As I 
wish to waste as little of your Excellencys time as possal:)le, I 
shall say nothing of their movements from the time of their de- 



37 

liberation until they crossed tlie Ashley on the 29th of March, 
excepting that previous thereto they had employed themselves 
in erecting works on James Island, to cover their ships; some 
on the main near Wappoe as a security to their grand deposite 
of stores established here, the stores having been transported 
from their ships in Stono river — 

They crossed the Ashley about two miles above the ferry, 
twelve miles from the Town, with their grenadiers, light troops, 
and two l)attalions of Infantry — On the SOth they appear'd 
before our lines and encamped about three thousand yards in 
front of them — We had to lament that the state of our garrison 
would not admit of a sufficient force being detached to annoy 
them in crossing the river whicli they could do at different places 
for our whole number at this time in garrison amounted to 2225 
only, besides the sailors in the batteries. 

The 3Uth & 31st the enemy were employed in transporting 
theii- stores from the West to the East side of Ashley, about 
two miles above our lines, in the morning of the first of April 
we observed that they had broken ground in several places 
about 1100 yards in onr front; their next work appeared, the 
morning /o/lowing on our left about nine hmulred i/avda 
distance, i the niglit after they opened a third work, about six 
hundred yards from our right. From tlie third to the 10th 
the enemy were employed in finishing their first parrallel, their 
batteries thereon & mantleing them, before which we had 
received oidy a few rand(jm shots from their Gallies in the 
mouth oi Wappoo, and from their battery near thereto — In the 
evening of this day we received the following summons: 

"Sir Henry Clinton K B General and Commandr in chief 
of his Majestys forces in the Colonies lyii g on the Atlantic 
from nova Scotia &c &c &c and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot not 
(evidently intended for "now.'" Y. II. P.) [sic] commander 
in chief of his Majestys ships in North America &c &c &c 
regreting the effusion of blood and distresses which must now 

' The letters in italics indicate portions oi' the original manuscript 
which iiave been torn and lost, and wiiich are supplied in a later hand- 
writing. V. H. P. 



38 

commence, deem it conformant to humanity to warn tlie town 
and Garrison of Charlestown of the liavock and desolation with 
which they are tlireatened from the formidable force surround- 
ing them by land and Sea. 

An alternative is offer 'd at this hour of saving their lives 
and property contain' d in the town or of al)iding by the fatal 
consequences of a cannonade & storm. 

Should the place in a fallacious security, or its commander 
in a wanton indifference to the fate of its Inhal)itants delay a 
surrender, or should the public stores or shipping be destroyed, 
the resentment of an exasperated soldiery may intervene but 
the same mild and compassionate offer can never be renewed. 
The respective Commanders, who hereby sunnnon the Town 
do not apprehed so rash a part as farther resistance will be 
taken ; but rather, that the gates will be opened and themselves 
received ^nth a degree of Confidence which will forebode 
fui'ther \QQ,o\m\iation. 

Head Quarters Charlestown Apr// lOtJi-1780. 
Gentlemen 

I have received your summons of this date^ — Sixty days have 
passed since it has been known tliat your intentions against 
this town were hostile, in which time has been afforded to 
abandon it — but duty and inclination point to the propriety of 
supporting it to the last extremity. 
I have the honor to be 

Your Excellencies humble servant 

B. LINCOLN. 

The answer was such, as I hope will at all time meet your 
Excellencies appi-obation — we were left at that time without 
an alternative; — an unconditional surrender was demanded — 
Firing on our side was immediately commenced to retard and 
annoy the Enemy in their approaches as nuich as possible and 

(See foot note on page 375.) 



39 

so coutiimed until tlie 13th when tliey opened their batteries 
and a constant Hre was kept up by both parties until the 20tli: 
at which time their second parallel within three hundred yards 
of our lines were compleated when terms as have been before 
mentioned were proposed but being rejected hostilities again 
commenced on the 21 and continued with redoubled fury — on 
the twenty third the Enemy commenced their third parallel from 
eighty to one hundred and fifty yard's from our lines, from this 
to the eighth of May they were emj)loyed in compleating it 
erecting three batteries thereon and draining the ditch o^^osite 
our right — In the morning of the 8th / /'e^ceived the following 
letter from Genl. Clinton: 

C'w'cumstanced as I now am with respect to the place in- 
vested humanity only can induce me to lay within your reach 
the terms I determined should never again be proffered. 

The fall of fort Sullivan — The destruction on the 6th Inst 
of what remained of your Cavalry, the critical period to which 
our approaches against the town have brought us mark this as 
the term of your hopes of Succour (could you have framed any) 
and an hour beyond which resistance is temerity. 

By this last summons therefore I throw to your charge 
whatever vindictive severity exasperated soldiers may inflict 
on the unhappy people, whom you devote by persevering in a 
fruitless defence. 

I shall expect your answer untill 8 oClock when hostilities 

will ao;ain commence aij-ain^ unless the town shall be surren- 

dered. 

Signed H. CLINTON. ; 

This I laid before a Council of Genl and field oflicers and the 
Captains of the Continental ships. It was the voice of the 
Continental (erased in the original. V. H. P )Council that 
terms of capitulation ought to be proposed — Terms were 
accordingly were [sie] sent out Ijut as many of them were 

(8ee foot note on page 375.) 

^( "Again'' given twice as here transcribed. V. H. P). 



40 

rejected othe/'.y so mutilated and a (jualification of tliewi utterly 
denied us hostilities again aoninienced in the evening of the 
9th with a more mcessant and heavy lire than ever which con- 
tinued untill the 11 when liaving Y>rev{ous thereto received an 
address from the principal inhabitants of the town and a 
number of the Country Militia signifying yt the terms acceded 
to by Genl Clinton as they related to them were satisfactory 
and desired tliat I would propose my acceptance of them 
and a request from the Lieutenant and Council that the ne- 
gotiations might be renewed — the militia of the town having 
thrown down their arms — our provisions saving a little a [.s/'c] 
rice being exliausted — The troops on the lines being worn 
down with fatigue liaving for a number of days been obliged 
to lay upon the blanket — Our harbour closely l>locked up — • 
compleatly invested by land by nine thousand men at least 
the flower of the British Army in America besides the large 
force which at all times they could draw from their marine 
and aided l)y a great number of blacks in all their laborious 
eiin)loyment — The garrison at this time exclusive of the sailors 
but little exceeding 2500 men part of whom had thrown 
down their arms. 

The Cltizem in general discontented the Enenij/ being within, 
tiventg yards of our Lines and preparing to make a general 
assault hg sea & land — Many of our ea.nnon disniounied and 
others silenced from tlie want of shot, a retreai heing judged ini- 
praeticahle and every liope of timely succour cut off we were 
induced to offer & excede [sicJ^ i!o the terms executed w?. f/te 12t/i, 
a copy of tlnnn., tlio several Letters and propoxifionx that 
jxissed between Sir Ily: Clinton and \i\ym\i froin the 1(> of 
April to the 12 of May I do myself tlie honor to inclose. — 

Tims Sir in as concise a manner as possible and perhaps too 
much so in justice to myself I have given to your Excellency 
a state of matters, relative to the defence and loss of Char- 
lestown and the measures pursued by me for its safety. — 

Think it not my Dear General the language of adulation 

(See foot note on page 87-')). 



41 

when I assure you, that your approbation of my military 
conduct will afford nie the highest satisfaction- — an[d] prove 
my justification in Eyes t)f the World — 

I have the honor to be My Dr General 
with the highest regard and esteem 
your most obedient servant 

B. LINCOLN. 
His Excellency 
General 

WASHINGTON. 

[Endorsed m the verso of last leaf as follows:] 

"Account of 

Seige & Surrender 

of Charlestown." 



COPIES OE LETTERS AND ARTICLES OE CAPITU- 
LATION APRIL 10-MAY 11, 1780. 

No. 1. 

Summons to Major General Lincoln, lOth April 17S(), 
with his answer of the same date. 

Sir Henry Clinton, K. B., General and Commander-in-Chief 
of his Majesty's forces in the Colonies, lying on the Atlantic 
from Nova Scotia ifec, &c, &c, and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot, 
Connnander-in-Chief of his Majesty's Ships in North America, 
&c, &c, &c, regretting the Effusion of Blood and the Dis- 
tresses which must now commence, deem it consonant to 
Humanity to warn the Town and Gan-ison of Charlestown of 
the Havoc and Desolation with which they are threatened 
from the formidable Force surrounding them by Sea and Land. 

An Alternative is offered at this Hour to the Iidiabitants of 
saving their Lives and Property (contained in the Town) or of 
abiding by the fatal Consequences of a Cannonade and Storm. 

Should the Place in a fallacious Security, or its Commander 



42 

in a wanton Indifference to the Fate of its Inhabitants, delay 
the Surrender; or should public Stores or Shipping be des- 
troyed, the Resentment of an exasperated Soldiery may in- 
tervene, but the same mild and compassionate Offer can never 
be -renewed. 

The respective Commanders who hereby summons the Town, 
do not apprehend so rash a Part (Step) as further resistance will 
be taken ; l)ut rather that the Gates will be opened and them- 
selves received with a Degree of Confidence which will forebode 
farther Reconciliation • 

H. CLINTON. 
M. ARBUTHNOT. 
April 10, 1780. Camp before Charlestown. 

To the Officers commandine; Charlestown. 



No. II. 
Head-Quarters, (Lines of) Charlestown, April 10, 1780. 

Gentlemen: I have received your Summons of this Date. . . . 
Sixty days have passed since it was (has been) known that your 
Intentions against this Town were hostile, in which Time has 

beeii afforded to abandon it; but Duty and Inclination 

point to the Propriety of supporting it to the last Extremity, 

I have the Honour to be (Gentlemen) 

Your Excellency's humble Servant 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
(General CHinton 

Admiral Arbutlnnjt. } 



Major General Lincoln toSir Henry Clinton, K. B. Propos- 
ing Articles of Capitulation, with Sir Henry Clinton's Answer, 
and the Articles of Capitulation. 



No. III. 



Charles-Town, April 21,^780. 
Sir: I am willing to enter into the consideration of Terms of 

Capitulation, if such can be obtained as are honorable for 

the Army, and safe for the Inhabitants. I have to propose a 



43 

Cessation of Hostilities for six Hours, for the Purpose of 
digesting such Articles. 
I have the Honour to be 

Your Excellency's obedient Servant, 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 

No. IV. 

Camp before Charlestown, 
April 21, 1T80. 
Sir: Admiral Arbutlmot, who commands the Fleet, should 
have been addressed jointly with me upon this Occasion. 

As I wish to communicate with him, and as I give my Con- 
sent to a Cessation of Hostilities for six Hours, I desire an Aide- 
de-Camp may pass to the Ships with a Letter, and my Request 
that the Battery on James Island may desist tiring. 
I have the Honour to be &c, 

(Signed) II. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. 

No. y. 

Articles of Capitulation jiroposedby Major General Lincoln. 

Art. I. That all acts of Hostility and Works shall cease 
between the Naval and Land Forces of Great Britain and 
America, in this State, until the Articles of Capitulation shall 
be agreed on, signed and executed, or collectively rejected. 

Art. II. That the Town, Forts and Fortifications belonging 
to them, shall be surrendered to the Conniiander-in-Chief of 
the British Forces such as they now stand. 

Art. III. That the several Troops garrisoning the Town 
and Forts, including the French and American Sailors, the 
French Invalids, the North Carolina and South Carolina Militia, 
and such of the Charles Town Militia as may choose to Leave 
this Place, shall have thirty-six Hours to wdthdraw to Lam- 
priere's after the Capitulati(jn has been accepted and signed 
on both sides ; . . . . and that those Troops shall retire with the 



44 

usual Honours of War, and carry off during that Time their 
Anns, Field Artillery, Annnunition, Baggage, and such of 
their Stores as tliey may be able to transport. 

Art. ly. That after the Expiration of the thirty six Hours 
mentioned in the preceding Article, the British Troops 
before the Town shall take possession of it, and those now at 
Wappetaw shall proceed to Fort Moultrie. 

Art. Y. That the American Army thus collected at 
Lampriere's, shall have ten Days from the expiration of the 
thirty-six Hours before-mentioned, to march wherever General 
Lincoln may think proper to the Eastward of Cooper River, 
without any Movement being made by the British Troops or 
part of them, out of the Town or Fort Moultrie. 

Art. VI. That the Sick and Wounded of the American and 
French Hospitals, with their Medicines, Stores, the Surgeons 
and Directors- Cleneral, shall remain in the Town, and be sup- 
plied with tlie liecessaries requisite until Provision can be made 
for their Removal, which will be as speedily as possible. 

Art. VII. That no Soldier shall be encouraged to desert, 
or permitted to enlist on eitlier side. 

Art. VIII. That the French Consnl, his House, Papers, 
and other moveable Property, shall be protected and untouched, 
and a proper Time granted hitn for retirement to any Place 
that may afterwards be agreed upon, between him and the 
Commander-in-Chief of the Bi-itish Forces. 

Art. IX. The (Continental Ships of War, BOSTON, PRO- 
VIDE NC^E, and RANGER, now in this Harbour, with the 
French Sliij) of War, the ADVENTURE, shall have Liberty 
to proceed to Sea, with the necessary Stores on board, and go 
unmolested, the three former to Philadelphia and the Latter 
to Cape Francois, with the French Invalids mentioned in 
Article III. 

Art. X. The Citizens shall be protected in their persons 
and Properties. 

Art. XI. That twelve Months be allowed such as do not 
chuse to continue under the British Government, to dispose of 



45 

their Effects, real and personal in the State withont any 
Molestation whatever, or to remove snch part thereof as they 
chuse, as well as themselves and Families, and that dnring that 
Time, they or any of them, may have it at their Option to 
reside occasionally in Town or Conntry. 

Art. XII. That the same Protection to their Persons and 
Properties and the same Time for the Removal of their Effects, 
be given to the Subjects of France and Spain, residing amongst 
us, as are required for the Citizens in the preceding Articles. 
Dated at Charlestown, April 21, 1780. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 

No. VI. 

Sir Ilem-y Clinton and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot to Major 
General Lincoln. 

Camp before Charlestown, 
April 21, 1780, eight O'clock at Night. 

Sir: We have in Answer to your third Article (for we 
caimot proceed further) to refer you to our former Offer, as 
Terms wdiich although you cannot claim, we yet consent to 
grant. 

These, however, must be accepted immediately, and respon- 
sible Hostages of the Rank of Field Officers nmst be sent as 
Securities that the Customs of War on these Occasions be 
strictly adhered to, that no person of the Garrison or Inhabitant 
be permitted to go out. Nothing be removed or destroyed, 
and no Ship or Vessel pass from the Town. 

All dependent Posts are to l)e included in the Surrender, 
and the Hostages to be answerable for these as for the Town. 

Your Answer is expected at ten O'clock, at which Time 
Hostilities will commence again, unless our Offers are closed 
with. 

(Signed) H CLINTON. 
Major-General LINCOLN. M. ARBUTHNOT. 



46 

No. VII. 

Camp before Charlestown, 
May 8, 1780. 

Sir : ( Urcunistauced as I now am with respect to tlie Place 
invested, Hunianitj only can induce me to lay within your 
reach the Terms I had determined should not again be proff- 
ered. The fall of Fort Sullivan, the destruction (on the 
6th Instant) of what remained of your Cavalry, the critical 
Period to which our Approaches against the Town have 
brought us, mark this as the Term of your Hopes of Succour 
(should you ever have framed any) and as an Hour beyond 
wdiich resistance is Temerity. 

By this last Summons, therefore. I throw to your Charge 
whatever vindictive Severity exasperated Soldiers may intlict 
on the unhappy People whom you devote by persevering in 
a fruitless Defence. 

I shall expect your answer again until eight O'clock, when 
Hostilities will commence again, unless the Town be surren- 
dered, &c, &c. 

(Signed) H. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. 

No. YIII. 

Charlestown, May 8, 1780. 
Sir: Your Letter to me of this Date is now under Con- 
sideration. There are so many different Interests to be con- 
sulted, that I have to propose that Hostilities do not again 

commence till Twelve. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 

His Excellency Sir HENRY CLINTON. 

No. IX. 

May 8, 1780. 
Sir: I consent that Hostilities shall not again conmience 
before the Hour of Twelve, as you desire. 
I have the Honour to l)e, Sir, &c, 

H. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. 



47 

No. X. 

Sir: As more Time has been expended in consulting the 
different Interests tlian I supposed there would l>e, I have to 
request that the Truce may l)e continued until four O'clock. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
His Excellency Sir HENEY CLINTON. 

No. XL 

Articles of Capitulation proposed by Major Gen. Lincoln, 

Art. I. That all Acts of Hostility and Work shall cease 
between the Besiegers and Besieged, until the Articles of 
Capitulation sliall be agreed on — signed and executed, or 
collectively rejected. 

Art. II. The Town and Fortifications shall Ije surrendered 
to the Connnander-in-Chief of the British Forces, such as they 
now stand. 

Art. III. The Continental Troops and Sailors, with their 
Baggage, shall be conducted to a Place to be agreed on, where 
they will remain Prisoners of AVar until exchanged. While 
Prisoners, they shall l)e supplied with good and wholesome Pro- 
visions, in such Quantity as is served out to the Troops of His 
Britanic Majesty. 

Art TV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted to 
return to their respective Homes, and be secured in their 
Persons and Property. 

Art. V. The Sick and Wounded shall l)e continued under 
the Care of their own Surgeons, and be supplied with Medicines, 
and such Necessaries as are allowed to the British Hospitals. 

Art. YI. The Officers of the A rmy and Navy shall keep 
their Horses, Swords, Pistols and Baggage, which shall not be 
searched, and sliall retain their Servants. 

Art. YII. The Garrison, shall at an Hour appointed, march 
out with shouldered Arms, Drums beating, and Colours flying, 
to a Place to be agreed on, where they will pile tlieir Arms. 

Art. YIII, That the French Consul, his House, Papers, 



48 

and other movable Property, shall he protected and nntouchcd, 
and a proper Time granted to him for i-etiring to any Place 
that may hereafter be agreed ujion between him and the Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the British Forces. 

Art. IX. That the Citizens shall be protected in their 
Persons and Properties. 

Art. X. That a twelve Month's Time be allowed to such 
as do not choose to continue under the British Government, 
to dispose of their Effects, real and personal, in the State, 
without any Molestation whatever, or to remove such Part 
thereof as they chuse, as well as themselves and Families; 
and that during that Time, they, or any of them, may have 
it at their Oj^tion to reside occasionally in Town or Country. 

Art^ XI. That the same Protection to their Persons and 
Pro})erties and the same Time for the Removal of their 
Eifects, be given to the Subjects of France and Spain, as are 
required for the Citizens in the preceding Articles. 

Art. XII. That a vessel be permitted to go to Philadelphia 
with the General',8 Dispatches, which are not to be opened. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
Charlestown, May 8, 1780. 

No. XII. 

May 8, Half after Five. 
Sir: As I wish to communicate with the Admiral upon 
the Subject of your last Letter, I have to desire that an Aide- 
de-Camp may be permitted to pass to the Fleet for that 
Purpose. 

I have the Honour to l)e, &c, 

(Signed) H. CLINTON. 

No. XIII. 

May 8, 6 O'clock, P. M. 
Sir: In Order to give the Articles of Capitulation which 
you have proposed a due Consideration, I propose that the 
Cessation of Hostilities shall continue till To-morrow Morning 



49 

at S O'clock, and that in the mean Time every Tiling shall 
continue in its present Situation. If you accede to this, you 
will please to give me Immediate Information of it. 
I am, Sir, &c, 

(Signed) H. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. 

May 8, 1780. 

No. XIV. 

Sik: I accede to your Proposal, that Hostilities shall cease 
until To-morrow Morning, eight O' Clock, and that in the 
mean Time all l\'orks shall continue in their present State. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON 

No. XV. 

May 8, eight O'clock, P. M: 

Sir: Your Answer to my letter proposing the Continua- 
tion of the Truce until To-morrow Morning at eight O'cloc^k, 
only accedes to the Cessation of Hostilities, and that in the 
mean Time all Works shall continue in their present State; 
but my Proposition was, that until that Time, every Thing 
should continue in its present Situation ; and my meaning was 
that there should be an attenq^t to remove any of the Troops, 
or destroy any of the Ships, Stores, or other Effects whatever 
now in the Town or Harbour.* If your Idea is the same, I 
must request you will express yourself more explicitly. 

I am. Sir, &c, 

(Signed) H. CLINTON. 

No. XVI. 

May 8, H80. 

Sir: In agreeing that the Truce should be continued until 
eight O'clock To-morrow Morning, and all Works remain as 
they were, I meant to accede to your Proposal, that every 



50 

Thing should continue in its present Situation, which I again 
assent to. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON. 

No. XYII. 

Articles of Capitulation, as proposed by Major General 
Lincoln and answered by their Excellencies Sir Henry Clinton 
K. B. and Vice Admiral ArT)uthnot. 

Art; I. All Acts of Hostility and Work shall cease until 
the Articles of Capitulation are fully agreed to or rejected. 

Art. II. The Town and Fortifications M-ith the Shipping 
at the Wharves, Artillery, and all public Stores whatsoever, 
shall be surrendered in their present State to the Connnanders 
of the investing Forces. Proper Officers shall atend from 
the respective Departments to receive them. 

Art. III. Granted. 

Art. IV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted 
to return to their respective Homes, as Prisoners upon Parole; 
which Parole, so long as they desire, shall secure them from 
being molested in their Property by the British Troops. 

Art. V. Granted. 

Art VI. Granted; except with Respect to their Horses, 
which sliall not l)e allowed to go out of Town, but may be 
disposed of l)y a Person left.from each Corps for that Purpose 

Art. VII. The whole Garrison, shall, at an Hour to be 
appointed, march out of the Town to the Ground between the 
Works of the Place and the Canal, where they shall deposit 
their Arms. The Drums ai'e not to beat a British March, or 
Colours to be uncased. 

Art. VIII. Agreed; with the Restriction, that he is to 
consider himself a Prisoner on Parole. 

Art. IX. All Civil Officers, and the Citizens who have 
l)orne Arms during the Siege, must be Prisoners on Parole; 
and with respect to their Property in the City, shall have the 



51 

same Terms as are granted to the Militia; and all other 
Persons now in the Town, not described in this or other 
Article, are notwithstanding understood to be Prisoners on 
Parole. 

Art. X. The Discussion of this Article of Course, cannot 
possibly be entered into at Present, 

Art. XI. The Subjects of France and Spain shall have the 
same Terms as are granted to the French Consul: 

Art. XII. Granted; and a proper Vessel, with a Flag, 
will be provided for that Purpose. 

All Pnl)lic Papers and Records nmst l)e carefully preserved, 
and faithfully delivered to such Persons as shall be appointed 
to receive them. 
(Signed) H. CLINTON. M'T ARBUTHNOT. 

Camp before Ciiaklestown, 
May 0, 1780. 

No. XYIII. 

May 9, 17S0 
Sir: In reply to your Answers on the Articles of Capitula- 
tion I must remark, that in their present State they are 
inadmissil)le and have to propose that tliose now sent may be 
acceded to. If any further Explanation should be necessary, I 
have to propose also, that two or three Gentlemen be ap- 
pointed to meet and confer on the Subject. 
I have the Honour to be &c, 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN 

His Excellency Sir HENRY CLINTON. 

Alterations of Articles of Capitulation proposed l)y Major 
General Lincoln. 

Art. II. The Town and Fortifications with the Shipping 
at the Wharves excepting those which are jirivate Property, 
and all public Stores, shall be surrendered in their j^resent 
State to the Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces. 

Art. IV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted 



52 

to return to tlieir respective Homes with their Baggage un- 
molested, and not be considered as Prisoners of War. 

Art. VI. Such of the Officers as may be miwilling to 
dispose of their Horses may keep them. 

Art. VII. This Article to stand as first proposed, the 
Drums not l)eating a British March. 

Art. VIII. The French Consul never having borne Arms 
and acting in a civil capacity, is not to be considered a 
Prisoner of War. 

Art. IX. The Citizens and all other Persons now in Town, 
who are Inhabitants of this State, shall be secured in their 
Persons and Properties, both in Town and Country, and not 
to be considered as Prisoners of War. 

Art. X. This Article to stand as first proposed. The 
Persons who may claim the Privileges therein expressed, 
giving their Parole that they will not act against the British 
Government, until they are exchanged. 

Art. XI. This Article to stand as first jDroposed, with the 
same restrictions as are mentioned in Art. X. 

In order to prevent Disputes, it is to be understood, that 
all Officers of the Continental Army who are Citizens of this 
State, l)e entitled to all the Benefits of Citizens, with regard 
to the Security of their Property. 

All public Records now in Town, shall l)e delivered to such 
Persons as may be appointed to receive them. 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
Done at Charles-Town, May 9, 1780. 

No. XIX. 

May 9, 1780. 

Sir: No other Motives but those of Forbearance and 
Compassion induced us to renew Offers and Terms you cer- 
tainly had no Claim to. 

The Alterations you propose are utterly inadmissible. Hos- 
tilities will in consequence commence afi'esh at eight O'clock 

(Signed) II. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. M'T ARBUTHNOT. 



53 

No. XX. 

Charles-Town, May 11, 1780. 

Sir: The same Motives of Humanity which inclined you 
to propose Articles of Capitulation to this Garrison, induced 
me to offer those I had the Honour of sending you on the 8th 
Instant. Tliey then apjseared to me such as I might profer 
and you receive with Honour to both Parties. Your exception 
to them as they principally concerned the Militia and Citizens, 
I then conceived were such as could not l>e concurred with, 
hut a recent Application from these People, wherein they 
express a Willingness to comply with them, and a "Wish on my 
Part to lessen as much as may be the Distresses of War to 
Individuals, lead me now to offer you my Acceptance of them. 

I have the Honour to be, Sir, 

Your most Obedient Humble Servant, 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 

No. XXI. 

Camp before Charles-Town, 
May 11, 1780. 

Sir: When you rejected the favourable Terms which were 
dictated by an earnest Desire to prevent the Effusion of 
Blood, and interposed Articles that were wholly inadmissible, 
both the Admiral and myself were of Opinion that the Sur- 
render of the Town at Discretion was the only Condition that 
could afterwards be attended to; but as the Motives that 
then induced them are still prevalent, I now inform you that 
the Terms then offered will still be granted. 

A Copy of the Articles shall be sent for your Ratification, 
as soon as they can be prepared, and immediately after they 
are exchanged, a Detachment of Grenadiers will be sent to 
take Possession of the Horn Work opposite your Main Gate. 
Every Arrangement which may conduce to good Order in 



54 

occupying tlie Town, sliall be settled before Noon To-morrow, 
and at that Time your Garrison shall march out. 
I have the Honour to be. Sir, 

Your most obedient humble Servant, 

(Signed) H. CLINTON. 
Major General LINCOLN. 

Hj:ad Qua^rters before Charlestown, 
12th May, 17S0. 

Sir: We have to request you will propose some proper 
contiguous Ihiildings in the Town for the Residence of the 
Privates, Prisoners of War not to l)e on Parole. These will 
be of course such as may be in Discretion be asked. The 
Officers of the Army and Navy shall go the Barracks at 
Haddrell's Point, and Boats will be at the Wharves to carry 
them at three O'clock. 

The Militia must depart as s]>eedily as possible, and by a 
Report from jm^u on the Mumbei's departing homewards on 
Parole, by the several Routes to the C^)untry, Boats shall 
carry their Baggage to Stono Ferry or Dorchester, to Straw- 
berry Ferry to Cainhoy. Themselves shall be escorted beyond 
our neighl)ouring Posts. 

We beg from you a general Return of all Persons bearing 
Arms, and also of all Persons yet in Town in civil Capacities. 

As soon as the Detachment of Grenadiers takes Possession 
of the Horn Work, our Deputies of Departments will meet 
yours, who will deliver to them all portable Effects, and when 
your Troops shall have (putted tiie Town, the Garrison 
destined to it shall march in. 

Your Officers shall be allowed to go to the Extent of Six 
Miles from the Barracks, but to pass no River, Creek or Arm 
of the Sea. 

We have the Honour to be, Sir, &c, 

H. CLINTON. 
M. ARBUTHNOT. 
Major General LINCOLN. 
New Jersey Journal, June 21, 1780. 



55 

Chaelestown, May 12, 1780. 
Gentlemen: I have sent you the Articles of Capitulation 
signed by nie. As it is necessary some Matters should be 
explained previous to their taking place, I have directed Col. 
Ternant, as Commissioner on my Part, to execute this Business, 
and agree upon the Place to which our Troops shall be con- 
ducted. 

I am sorry unavoidable Delay has so long occasioned my 
Answer to be postponed. 
I have the Honour to l)e. 

Gentlemen, &c, 

(Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON. 
And Vice Admiral AKBUTHNOT. 

(Camp before Charlestown) 
May 12, 1780. 
Sir: Major Andre is appointed to confer with Lieut. Col. 
Ternant on the Matters you desire to have explained, and to 
agree upon tlie Place to which y(jur Troops shall be conducted. 
We have the Honour to be, &c, 

H. CLINTON. 
M. AEBUTHN0T3. 
Major General LINCOLN.) 

There formerly existed a Tradition that Major Andre, then 
acting as Adjutant General to Sir Henry Clinton, visited 
Charleston during the Siege in the Character of a Spy. It 
was said that he appeared as a young Man, clad in Honie- 
Spun, claiming to ba a Virginian, belonging to the Troops 
then in the City. At another Time he was represented as a 
back Countryman, who had brought down Cattle for the 
Garrison to the opposite side of the River. 

These Rumors gained credit upon the Capture and Execu 
tion of Major Andre as a Spy a few Months after, and they 
appear to bear the Marks of Truth. 

Sargent's Life of Andre, 228. 

2. New Jersey Journal, ii, No. Ixxi, June 21, 1780. 



56 






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7.1 

From the numerous papers relating to Soutli Carolina in the 
"Emmett Collection,"' now open to the public, without charge 
of any kind the impulse is to make further transcripts, but 
limited space prevents. Two papers only, however, are pre- 
sented, rather to indicate how much more of interesting history 
yet remains to be explored. 

The first in date is a diary of Col. C. C. Pinckney, who seems 
to have been sent by Gen. Lincoln on a special service in 1779. 
Whether he had in view the then contemplated attack on 
Savannah, or some other purpose, cannot be known, but no 
one can read this paper without being impressed with the intel- 
ligence, military knowledge, and perspicuity of the writer. 

The second is a letter from Jos. Kershaw to Henry Laurens, 
which alludes to the latter's expected absence in Europe, and 
to his own children at school in England, &c. 



PINCKNEY TO LINCOLN. 

Tuesday, July 6, 1779. Set out exactly at four o'Clock in 
the Morning from the Camp at Stono with the 1st: e^" Otli: 
Kegiments, the Georgia Troops & Two Pieces of Artillery four 
pounders. Arrived at Jacksonburgh before the heat of the 
day, & remained there till the afternoon. The Flat at Jacksoii- 
burgh is not sufficiently large to transport Artillery & Waggon 
with the Expedition which may be necessary across the Kiver. 
It has besides a large Beam in the Middle of it which makes it 
particularly inconvenient for such purposes. — Encamped in the 
Evening at the Meeting House. 

Wednesday, July 7. Marched at four o'CHock in the 
Morning and did not halt till we arrived at Godfreys Savan- 
nah ; as the Fish pond Bridge is down & no Boat there crossed 
the head of Ashepoo about a Quarter of a Mile higher up than 
the Fish pond, & as the Season is remarkably dry carried the 
Artillery & Waggons thro' the Swamp exceedingly well; but 
as this can only be done in a dry season & as the part of the 
Swamp through which we went will be totally impassable in 



72 

a rainv Season, I think Fish Pond Bridge (as it is l)iit a small 
one) slionld be immediately repaired. Encamped at Night at 
Gibsons near the Saltcatcher. Yerj strong Gronnd for this 
part of the Country bnt in a dry Season very indifferently 
siipjjlied with water. 

Thursday , July 8. Arrived at the Salteatchers; As the 
Tide was still running up, & it was pretty near high Water, 
& there was but a very small Boat there it was impossible to 
cross till about Eleven o'Clock at which time the Iliver. was 
fordable; a large flat here seems absolntely necessary for the 
speedy removal of Troops fi-om the Southward to the IVIetrop- 
olis, & thence to the Southward, as without it the Biver 
cannot l)e passed with baggage ife Artillery but at low Water, 
& not then when a fresh is in the Biver. Arrived at the 
Ruins of Sheldon and encamped there. 

Friday, July 9. Left the Detachment encamped at Sheldon 
and went down to Port Boyal Ferry to see Coll. llorry & our 
Troops encamped there & near it, & to reconnoitre the 
Ground & the different Landings adjacent thereto The 
Artillery was posted at a Bedcuibt which we were constructing 
at the Ferry- — The Third Begiment at the Landing on the 
left of it, and CN)11. Horry's Light Horse on Coosaw about 
five Miles distant from the Ferry. I found there were many 
places besides these where the Enemy could Land were they 
inclined to do so, tfe it appeared to me that the Troops were 
posted in a Cul de Sac dangerous A: inconvenient. The 
bottom of this neck of Land is washed by Coosaw Biver which 
parts Port Boyal Island from the Main, the Bight by AMiisper 
or Iloospun Creek & the left by Comljahee Biver; out of 
this neck there is only one passage for Artillery & Waggons 
which is by Coll: Benjn: Garden's Plantation about four miles 
from the Ferry, so that if the Enemy were to land at one of 
the Landings on the Neck and in the night time unnoticed by 
us which they might well do; or were they to land at Poca- 
taligo and march down to the Causeway near Coll. Gardens, 
6i this with a force nmch superior to ours, they might reduce 



73 

us to the necessity of iightiiig them when they pleased & not 
when we might think it most eligible, & in Case of an nn- 
favonrahle turn to the Contest effectnally cut off the Retreat 
of our Baggage & Artillery Situations which no prudent 
officer will ever suffer himself to he reduced to. — It likewise 
did not appear to me prol)able that the Enemy would wish to 
take post at Port Royal Ferry, for from the landing place on 
this side the River to the one on the other it is full three 
Quarter of a Mile & it is not passable at low water, as at that 
time of tide above a half of the distance over which it is 
absolutely necessary to Ferry is entirely dry. Were the 
Enemy therefore to bring their whole force over they would 
find themselves much streightened in that situation & were 
they only to send part of it to that place & w^ere attacked by 
us when the tide was going down they would run great risqne 
of being entirely cut off, as they could receive no Sncconi's 
from the Main. Major Butler's at Coosaw tho' an excellent 
look out appeared to me an improper place tc^ trust the whole 
of our Cavalry, as it is an aljsolute Island connected with the 
Neck I have been speaking of l)ut by a Causeway & a Bridge, 
which if the Enemy were to take possession of, onr Horse 
must fall into their hands. I enquired after I>oats & was 
informed tbat there were bnt two Flats one of them out of 
repair and a few very small Canoes at the Landings. Yes- 
ter^lay I was told the Enemy appeared on the Island near the 
Ferry to the amount of 200 — I could plainly discern with a 
Glass where they kept their Guard & M^iiere some of their 
Sentries were — When I was at Coosaw I saw three small 
Vessells coming from St: Helena & steering for Port Royal 
Creek — In the Afternoon several large black Smokes appeared 
on the Island as if the Enemy were burning some Houses — 

Saturday, July 10. Went to C'oll. Garden's post at Belloi- 
den to reconnoitre the old Ferry & that part of the Country & 
obtain from him any Intelligence which he might have lately 
received of the Strength and Situation of the Enemy on the 
Island & their movements. The Colonel answered me that lie 



74 

would go himseii that Evening to meet a Pers«:in from Port 
RoTsd that would give liim every InteUigenoe in his p:»wer — 
He likewise gave me an Aceomit of the different places about 
the Country where the Enemy could land: and I was more 
stronsrly of opinion from his accoimt «It from a view of the 
places which I reconnoitred this day of the impropriety of 
placing onr whole force in tlie Xeck — ^The Old Ferry appears 
to me to be mnch better adapted f • ^r g»;»ing on «Jt off the Island 
than the new one. but the Causeway wants repairing, at the 
present I think a piece of Artillery c-«3iild scarcely be c-arried 
over it- The Two Batteries, erected by Coll: Senf . the Enemy 
©odeavoured to destrt»y: towards the Land Side they are 
stockaded, this the Enemy have set fire to. A: destroyed part 
of the stc^kade «!!tr part of the platforms, but have done no 
other damage to the Batteries, they have broke off the Trun- 
nions <t Casc-ables fn:»m the Cannon dc force«i them into the 
Muzzles. I •lirected this Evening the third Kegunent, Hor- 
ry's light Horse. ^ the Artillery to remove to Sheldon, it 
ordered 1 Captain ± Subalterns 3 Sergeants A: 50 rank «Sl file 
to take post at the Ferry, dr an officer «lt right Light Horse 
at Cousaw. On my return to Camp I foimd Coll: Thackston 
& the North Carolina Brigade had joined me. I ch«;»&e 
Sheldon for the atnation of our Camp because it appeared to 
me to be best adapted to cova- the C«:»untry from the depre- 
dations of the Enemy, it was equally distant from the Ferry 
Vt PiX-ataKg*:*. «t ^ould the Enemy land in force at either 
We are near en«:»ugh to give a speedy check to their progress ; 
If it dbould be neeeaeary fc^* ns to retreat. We can always 
secure our Baggage dr Artillery as onr rear is entirely open & 
We c-an retire either to C«:«iliahee or Saltc-atcher as it may be 
moitt jwoper. Ar the nature «Sl strength of the Gn^und i? such 
that the Enemy cannot force us to an Engagement if We 
think proper to decline it; add to aU this that it is the 
highest, dryest & most healthy dtuatiun in this part of the 
Country, has excellent Water «t in sufficient Quantity for Men 
Horses dr Cattle A^ plenty of tine pasturage. I gave a pass 



to an Intelligent Xegi'oe to go «jver t«:> the Island to make 
discoveries for nie. 

Sunday. July 11. Coll. Garden informed me the Gentle- 
men he expected to meet could not leave the Island on account 
of a very sti'iet Guard that wa* kept there hut that he sent a 
sensible Servant to inform him that one half <:»f the Troops 
were gone for Georgia that there remained on Port Royal 
Island two hundred Horsemen, two hundred Light Infantry 
<t Jive hundred Highlanders, that Genl: Prevost was to go 
for Georgia n a few days <Sr said he would return hy Land to 
Beaufort, that two Galhes were to be sent round by Broad 
River the one to be stationed at Cochran's ix»iat. the other 
about a ^lile up the River, oppisite Xathaniel Barkwells A: 
that all the Canoes tt small Boat* were ordered to \>e drawn 
up on the Island it burnt. 

Monday. July 12. Sent Lieut: Ball cV: a party of Horse to 
Grame's Xeck to see whether it was^ a proper place ft>r a jxtst, 
He i"eported in the Evening that at the end of the Xeck there 
wa^* a small Island on which you could n<;»t get but with much 
difficulty without a Boat : that the place was proper as a k^tk 
out to discover whether the Eiietuy meant to come up PtK?atal- 
ligo. Tullilinny or Coosa whatchee Rivers but that there was no 
water lit to be drank to be had there. Received Intelligence 
from the Xegroe sent on Saturday to Pt>rt Royal Island that 
abotit three liundi"ed of the Enemy were at the Ferry cV: about 
1500 Highlandei-s.EngUsh A: Hessians at Beaufort eV the Com- 
mon near it. I midei-stand that that part of Peat Royal Island 
where the Ferry is. is connected with the main Island but by a 
narrow Causeway. v.V: that Beaufort is 7 or S miles from this 
Causeway. If we had but a sufficient mtmlver of Boats we 
might have an excellent opportunity of cutting off the Enemy's 
Post at the Ferry, I directed yesterday that all the Boats 
should be collected cVr brought to the Feri-y Redoubt. This 
alanned the Enemy so much that lights were passing to *.V: fro 
at their post all night, it but few of them appear on the Island 
to day. In the Evening I sent down two Carpenters to repair 



76 

the Boats. I cannot obtain any information where a sufficient 
Quantity of Boats are to be had — Capn: Doharty brouglit in a 
Prisoner to day from Hilton Head, He had enlisted in 
Brown's C-orps <Sz formerly belonged to my Regiment, He 
also brought in two of my men who were made Prisoners six 
months ago & now run away from the Enemy — Part of the 
Enemy's force & the Indians passed by the Post where he 
was it's their way to Savannah — I expect authentic Informa- 
tion from the Island to morrow Evening or next day — 

Tuesday, July 13. The Captain at the Ferry informs me 
that one of the Sixth Regiment to whom he had given per- 
mission to catch some Crabs pushed off in the little Canoe & 
deserted to the Enemy. Went down to the Ferry the after- 
noon — One of the Enemy's Galleys now in the mouth of Port 
Royal Creek — My own Ideas of the Enemy's intentions are 
that tliey intend to evacuate the Island and their movements 
this way are only intended to amase us & cover our Retreat. — I 
wish we had boats enough — I directed the officer at the Ferry 
to collect every Boat he possibly could & expedite the repairing 
of such as wanted it — In the Evening Genl : Moultrie ariived 
in Camp — He has taken measures for the having Flats at the 
places al)ove mentioned & also at Ashepoo. 



KERSHAW TO LAURENS. 

Camden, 5th January, 1780. 

Dear Sir: Your much Esteemed favour of the ISth ult 
reach'd my hands the 28th — I am very sorry the sickness of 
Master Drayton deprived me of the pleasure of seeing you at 
Camden on your Return from the North, and hear we are so 
soon to be de])rived of you again, l>ut hope Providence 
will guide you to your Intended port in Safety, that your 
Negotiations will be Crowned with Success, and that we may 
see you return in Safety to your Native shore. 

I have long and anxiously been hoping for the Period to 



77 

arrive when I could with some degree of Propriety take a Tour 
to Europe, in (^rder to fix Two Boys I have there, in Some 
train of rul)ing thro Life, they have now l)een near two years 
at an Academy at Ilichmond in Surry under tlie tuition of a 
Mr. De Lafosse, the Oldest will he 16 the 12th next Month 
the other is 15 in Septemr. next. The oldest in his Last 
Letter to me dated Octr. TS — expresses his desire of heing 
l)rought up in the Mercantile way 1 wish to get him into some 
good House in London Holland or France — perhaps it may 
fall in your way to give me some assistance or advice in this 
matter I have reason to hope they will make lu'ight Youths. 
The rest of my Children I have with me, five in Numher 
Two Bo3^s & three (nrirls, the youngest ahout 10 Months ( )ld, my 
wife says she will have no more, thank God they are all well, 

I hope to be in Town ahout the loth Instant and to have 
the Pleasure of seeing you before youi- I)e])arture — The 
Letter you forwarded me was frctm a Mrs. Hannah Swain 
Drage, the Widdow of a very tine Old Gentleman who 
officiated as Preacher to this district and died hear something 
more than four Years ago, his Books & apparel was sent by 
me to the Old Lady, his Executor John Rodgers sold his 
Trifling Household furniture & an* which did not quite pay 
the demands against his Esta. here; there was due to him Six 
Months Salary or Fifty pounds Sterling, which I endeavord 
to get from the Publick, but from the Confusion of the times it 
could not be got in the usual way so the Account was layd before 
the Assembly, who thought proper to throw it out tho it was 
certainly due to him, I would recommend it to the Executor 
to renew the application, Imt as the Money is reduced it would 
scarcely be worth the old Ladys acceptance My Wife joins me 
in Our best Wishes for your Safety & Prosperity — 

I am with great Esteem — 

Dear Sir, 
Your much Obliged Humb Servt. 

JO KERSHAW. 

*So in original ms. Some word seems to have been intended, here, 
but is lacking. V, H. P. 



78 

N. B. — You will remember you left with me a Book of 
Accounts — on your way to Philadelphia in June, 1777 — 

[Addressed:] 

To The^Honble HENRY LAURENS, Esqr. 
Charles Town. 

[Endorsed:] 

JOSEPH KERSHAW-CAMDEN, 

5tli January, 1780. 

rec'd and Au.swerM 12th Janry. 



The following lists are copied from the military roll from 
Gen'l Lincoln's papers, preserved in the Lenox Library 
Building of the New York Public Library, and forniiug 
part of the Ennnet Collection. 

The manuscript consists of ten leaves 8|x5f in. in size. 
There is no paging or numeration of leaves. On the first leaf 
(p. 1) the following endorsement appears, written in the same 
hand as the body of the entire manuscript: 

' ' List of Officers late at Iladdrel's Point,l:th : August, 1781 . ' ' 

(P. 2 is blank.) The second leaf begins the roster which 
covers al>out sixteen (16) pages — (the 16th is not quite filled), 
and these pages are followed by the last leaf which is entirely 
blank. 

V. H. P. 



ROLL OF THE CONTINENTAL OFFICERS, Prisoners of War in 
South Carolina, as they stand for Exchange, Regtilated by a 
Board of Officers, and sent to Sir Henry Clinton and General 
Greene. 



B: Generals. 



Line. 



When Taken. 



Occurrences. 



1 Wm. Moultrie.... 
3|Lach Mcintosh... 
3jWm. Woodford. 

4jChas. Scott 

5 — Dtiportail 

6|jas. Hogun 



So. Car a... 
Georgia . 

Virga 

do. ... 

Enginr 

No. Cara., 



12 May, 1780 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



In Philadelphia. 

do. 
Dead. [ginia. 
Paroled to Vir- 
Exchanged. 
Dead. 



COLONELS. 



1 S. Elbert 

2C. C. Pinkney... 

3Wm. Russell 

4Nath. Gist 

5Tlio. Clark 

6 — Delamoy 

7 j John Patten 

8 ! John Nevile 

9|Wni. Heath 

10 Bard. Beeknian. 



Georga ... 
S. Cara .. 
Virga 

do. ... 
N. Cara... 

Engr 

No. Cara.. 
Virga 

do. ... 
S. Cara 



.Mar. 1779.... 
13 May, 1780. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



Paroled out. 
In Philadeliihia 
Paroled to Va. 



In Philadelphia. 



In Philadelphia. 



LT. COLONELS. 



1 Wm. Henderson 

2 Rob. Nebane 
3Archd. Lytle 

4 Selby Harney 

5 Burgess Ball 

6 G. B. Wallace 

7 — Du Cambray 

8 Sam. Hopkins 
9;S. J. Cabell 

10 Jona. Clark 
111 J. F. Grimke 




Exchanged, 
do. 



Par. to the Con. 
In Philadelphia. 



MAJORS. 



10 



Tho. Hogg 

R. C. Anderson 

J. F. S. De Brahm. 

J. Habersham 

Davd. Stephenson. 

Wm. Croghan— .... 

John Nelson 

Andw. Waggoner. 

Isaac Harleston .... 

Wm. Lewis 

lllEphm. Mitchell.... 

12Chas Pelham 

13 Ph. Lowe 

14; Tho Pinkney 



N. Cara .. 
Virgina ... 

Engl- 

Geora 

Virga 

do. ... 
N. Cara.., 

Virga 

S. Cara 

Virga ... . 
S. C. Art., 

Virga 

Georga.... 
S. Cara.... 



do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
6 June, 1780. 
16Augt,— . 



Ex. Mar,. 1781. 

do. 

do. 
Ex. 14 June, 1781 

do. 



In Philadelphia. 



80 



^ 



Captains. 



Line. 



Wlien Taken. Occurrences. 



1 Dan . Cut libert 

3 Baylor Hill 

8 Lavaclier D.St. Marie. 

4 G. John iMcKee 

5 Felix Warley 

6 John C. Smith 

TWm. Moseley 

8 John D'Treville 

9|Tilglmian Dixon 

1 John Dandridge 

llljohn Gillison 

12 Wni. Johnson 

18 Clougli Shelton 

14 Geo. Melvin 



John Stith 

— Celeron , 

Howel Tatuni.. 

ISClemt Nash. ... 

1!) (reo. Turner... . 

2(» Benj. Coleman . 

21 Danl. Mazyck.. 

2i'Robt. Fenner.... 

28 1 Alex Parker ... 

24iJos. Warley .... 

25, — Brosard 



Georga Alarch, 1779. 

B. Caval fi May. 1780 . 

8 May, 1780 . 

12 May, 1780. 
do 



S. Cara 

So. Cara 

do 

do 

Virga 

S. C. Arty... 

N. Cara 

V. Arty 

Virga 

do 

do 

Georga 

Virga 

P. Legion... 

N. Cara 

Georga 

S. Cara 

N. Cara 

S. Cara 

N. Cara 

Virga 

S. Cara 

Georga 



26' John Kinsberry N. C. Art. 

27|Sam. Booker Virga 

28iSimon Tlieus S. Cara 



29 

80 

81 

32 

38 

34 

35 

36 

37 

88 

39 

40 

41 

42 

48 

44 

4, 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 



Hugh Godwin ... 
John Blackwell. 

Joseph Day 

Ben. Talliafero.. 
Kedar Ballard.... 

John Inglis 

Callohil Minnis.. 
John Giaddock.. 

Geo. Warlev 

Tho. Shtibrick..., 
Tarlton Payne.... 

L. Enfant 

Jos. Elliott 

— D"Sigond , 

Rich. B. Baker.. 
Adrian Provost. 

Will Hext 

Custis Kendale 
John Sommers.. 
Chas. Linning .. 
Geo. Bradley ... 
John Buchanan 

Jesse Baker 

Thos. Biickner... 



53|Thos. Gadsden. 



do 

Virga 

Georgia 

Virgina 

N. Cara 

do 

Virga 

N. Cara 

S. Cara 

do 

Virga 

Enginr 

S. Cara 

P. Legion.. 
S. Cara 

do 

do 

Virga 

N. Cara 

S. Cara 

N. Cara 

S. Cara 

do 

Virgina 

S. Cara 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do- 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



1781 



[my. 



Ex. 14th June. 
Ex. March, 1781 

do. 
Ex. March, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Joined the Eiie- 
Exchanged. 
Ex. 14 June, 1781 

do. 

do. 

do. 
In Philadelphia. 
Ex. 14 June, 1781 

do. 

do. 
Pa. to N. Caro. 
In Philadelphia. 



Exc 14 June, 1781 
In Philadelphia. 



In Philadelphia. 



In Philadelphia. 



81 



Captains. 



Line. 



When Taken. Occurrence. 



Rich. Mason 

Presley Neville 

Field Farrar 

Geo Liddell 

Peter Gray 

Jos. .Monford 

Tho. Holt 

Abram Hite 

Alex. Brackenridge 
Mayo Carrington ... 
LawTence Bvitler.. .. 

Ph. Mallery 

Robt. Beal 

John Wickly 

Richd. Pollard 

Holnian M innis 

Jcinies Wright 

Willm. White 

LeRoy Edwards 

James Ctirry 

Wni. Jackson 

Collin Cocke 

Jacob Schriber 

Geo. Handley 

Edwd. Cowan 



do 

Virga 

S. Cara 

do 

do 

N. Cara 

Virga 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do ■ 

do 

S. C. Art... 
S. Cara ..... 
Virga 

do 

do 

do 

do 

S. Cara 

Virga 

Engr 

Georga 

do 



1780. 



do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
13 May, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
25 June, 1780. 
6 Octr. 1780. 



[vet. 

Lt. Col. by Bre- 



[coin Exc. 

With Gen. Lin 

In Philadelphia. 



CAPT. LIEUTENANTS. 



Phil. Jones N. C. Art 



Barnd. Elliott 

John F. Gorget 

James Wilson 

Johns. Budd 

Chas. Stuart 

Nath. Terry 

Jo. Swearingham. 
J. H. Fitzgerald.., 
Rob. Porterfield... 

Willm. Tate 

Will. Fawn 

Tho. Callander ... 



S. C. Art. 

do 

do. „.. 

do 

N. C. Art. 
Virga 

do 

do 

do. . .. 
S. C. Art... 
N. Cara.... 

do 



13 May, 1780. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
L3 May, 1780. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. ' . 



In Philadelphia. 
Killed Mch 1781. 



LIEUTENANTS. 



llRich. Worsham Virga 8th May, 1780. 

2| 
3' 

41 

s! 

6 

1\ 
81 



10 



Nat Breedwell S. Cara. 

Dan Doyley : do 

Fras. Coward Virga Il' 

— Castin Enginr j 

Thos. Barber Virga 

Tho. Evans N. Cara 

John Townes Virga I 

Henry Moss ; do 

John DuCoin Georga 

6 



do. 
do. 
May. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



Exc. March 1781 

do. 
Exch. 14 June. 
Exc. March, 1781 
Exc. Jany. 1781 
Exc.- March 1781 

do. 

do. 
Exch. 14 June. 

do. 



8^ 



Lieutenants. 



Line. 



When Taken. 



Occurrence. 



B. Stubblefield .... 

Fras. Minnis 

Will. Walton 

John Jordan... ».... 

John Davis 

Peter Bacot 

Tho. Parker 

Thos. Brown 

Jesse Read 

Thos. Fox 

Tim Y. Tealy 

Dixon Marshall.... 

Sam. Budd 

John McNees 

Anthy Hart 

Beverly Roy jVirga. .. 

Jos. Blackw^ell do. 

Saml. Hogg do. 

Jas. Campaign 'N. Cara 

Jas. Maben Virga ... 

John Clendennon N. Cara 



Virga 

do. . 
N. Cara . 

Virga 

N. Cara . 

do. . 
Virga .. . 

do. . 
N. Cara. 
Virga .... 

do. . 
N. Cara. 

do. . 

do. . 

do. . 



Jas . Hamilton 

John B. Johnson 

Mark Vanduval 

Davd. Walker 

Aaron Smith 

Arthr. Cotgrave 

Jas. Morton 

R. Brackenridge 

Chas Roth 

John Nelson 

Cha. Gerrard 

John Godwin 

Peter Fossyn 

Josiah Hobb 

Sam. Baskerville , 

Dan. Langfoi'd 

Alex. Fraser 

Henry Moore , 

Ph. Plutten 

John Frierson , 

David Miller 

Geo. Winchester 

Richd. Stark 

Davd. Merri wether., 

Thos. Li.ston 

Wm. Stephens 

David Allen 

John White 

Fras. Graves 

John Vance 

Jolm Hamilton 

Geo. Ogier 

Geo. Roans 



Virga 

do 

do 

do 

do 

N. Cara 

Virga 

do 

P. Legion... 

Virga 

N. Cara...... 

S. Cara 

do 

do 

Virga 

S. Cara 

do. 

S. C. Arty... 

do 

S. Cara 

Virga 

do 

do 

do 

S. C. Arty... 
Virga 

do 

do 

N. Cara 

N. C. Arty... 
S. Cara 

do 

do 



12 



13 



May 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
May, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 





Exch. 14 June. 


i78o!!; 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Ex. 14June. 1781 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 








Ex 14 June, 1781 




















In Philadelphia. 




Dead. 












































Ex. 14 June, 1781 







83 



Lieutenants. 




When Taken. 



Occurrence. 



I 

65 Benj. Mosley .. 

66 Daniel Shaw..... 

67 James Legare.. 

68 'John Ward 

69,Thos. Pasture... 

70 Wm. Hazard 

71 1 John Grayson.. 
72 1 Charles Brown.. 

73 James Tatum... 

74 William Ward . 

75 Edward Lloyd.. 

76Robt. Hayes 

77ThosDnnbar 

78 John Hart 

79 Wm. Hargraves 
HOFredk. Shick 



Virga 


13 May, 1780 
do. 


N. Cara 


S. Cara 


do. 


do 


do. 


N. Cara 


do. 


S. Cara 


do. 


S. C. Arty... 


do. 


S. Cara 


do. 


N. Cara 


do. 


S. Cara 


do. 


S. C. Arty... 


do. 


N. Cara 


do. 


S. Cara 


do. 


do 


do. 


N. Cara 


do. 


Georga 


25Jnne,1781. 



In Philadelphia. 



SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 



Tho. Russell 

Nicho. Taliafaro 

John Roney 

Lipscomb Norville. 

Wm. D. O'Kelly 

Merry McGiiire 

George Petrie 

8 1 James Kennedy 

9 Steph Mazyck 



Will. Lowe 
Thos. Ousby.. 
JohnFresch.. 

— Jordan 

John Knapp , 



So. Cara... 
Virga 

do. ... 

do. ... 

do. ... 
S. Cara.... 

do. ... 

do. ... 

do. ... 
S. C. Arty 

do. ... 
H. Horse.. 
Georga ... 
S. Cara... 



Oct. 1779. 
12 May 1780 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



Ex. 14 June 1781. 

do. 

do. 

do. [my. 
Joined the ene- 
Ex. 14 Jtme 1781 

do. 

do. 
In Philadelphia. 
Joined the ene. 

["13'- 

Joined the ene- 

[as a des. 

Im. by the En. 



ENSIGNS. 



Wm. Eski-idge . 

Tho. Finney 

Jos Conway 

James Holt 

Luke Cannon 

John Steele 

John Robertson 

Chas. Jones 

Wm. S. Smith 

Steph. Slade 

G. Elholm (Cornet) 

Jacob Brown 

John Ford.... 

Saml. Ash 

Thos. Wallace 

Robt. Rankin 




Ex. March 1781. 

do. 
Ex. 14 June 1781 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



84 



Ensisrns. 



Line. 



When Taken. 



Occurrence. 



Peyton Powell.... 

Javan Miller 

Robt. Haye.s 

Jas. DeLaplane.. 
Geo. Blackniore . 
Rob. Craddock ... 

Rich. Fenner 

Tho. Gibson 

Anthy. Croncher 

John HeHi 

Edmd. Clarke 

*S. Beekman. 



do. .. 

do 

do 

do. ... 

do. ... 

do. ... 
N. Cara... 

do. ... 

do. ... 
Virga 

do. ... 
Vol. S. C. 



do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
8 May, 1780. 



SURGEONS OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. 



1 
9, 


Peter Fayssonx 

Wm. Heath.. 

Tucker Harris 


S. Cara 

do. ... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

(Purveyor) . 
Paymaster .. 


13 May, 1780... 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Ex. March 1781. 


'^ 




/I 


Jims Houston 


Exchanged 


f» 


Tho T Tucker 


6 


_ West 




7 


Rd. Mercer 

Bellamy Crawford 

Danl. Smith 


In Philadelphia. 


q 


do. 

















REGL. SURGEONS. 



1 Wm. McClure 

Jona Loomus 

Corns. Baldwin... 
4' Henry C. Flagg .. 

5 — Taxier 

6 Jas. Martin 

Jos. Davis 

Basil Middleton .. 

John Trezevant .. 

Jas. W. Greene.., 

Fredk. Sunn 

Jos. Blythe 

John Waudin ... , 

— Brevai'd 



N. Cara 

do 

Virga 

S. Cara 

P. Legion... 

S. Cara 

Virga 

do 

do 

N. Cara 

S. C. Arty... 

N. Cara 

Georga 



13 May, 1780... 

do. 
do. 
do. 

14 April, 1780 
12 May, 1780... 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 



Ex. March 1781. 

do. 

do. 
Exchd. in Phil. 
Exchanged. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 



[emy. 

Gone to the en- 
Exchanged. 



SURGEON MATES. 



Silvester Springer. 
Jos. Savave 



S. Cara 
Virga... 



John Lachman jS. C. Arty 

John Br ownley ! Virga . . . 



5 Oliver Hart S. Cara 




♦Beekman's name is not numbered like the rest. — V. H. P. 



85 



Hospital Mates. 



Line. 



When Taken. 



Occurrence. 



Andw. Smith 

Wm. S. Stevens. 
Ephraiin Brown. 
John E. Poyas.... 
James Hunter.... 
John Ramsay . . . 

John Carne 

Evan Lewis 

John McLean ..., 
John Hyslon 



Apothecary 

Mate 

Steward 

Mate , 



Exchanged. 



STAFF. 



1 Wm. Monltrie, ADC.IS. Cara. 
1 A. Dillient, B. M I do. 



13 May, 1780.. 



DEFY. MUSTER MASTER. 



l|Wm. Matthews.... 


.... Georga 39 Dec. 1778. 


•! 


PAY-MASTER. 


llHenry Gray 


. ...|s. Cara ll3May, 1780.. 


. Joined the en. 



DEFT. COMMISSARY, MILITARY STORES. 



1 Thornton Taylor |Virga |l2Ma y, 1780. 



BRIGADE CONDR. 


MILITARY STORES. 


llPat. Campbell. 


N. Cara 


13 May, 178(>...| 


*ASST. 


BRIGADE COMMISSARY OF ISSUES. 


1 Davd. Jackson. 


jVirga ... 


|l3May. 1780....|exc. 14 June. 


ASST. 


BRIGADE COMMISSARY OF ISSUES. 


1 — French 


Ivirga. .. 


12 May | 


CONDUCTOR OF ARTIFICERS. 


1 Henry Parish. 


Virga ... 


lis May 


WAGGON MASTER. 


l|— Allen 


In. Cara 


il3 May 




D. Q. M. 


GENERAL. 


1 Richd. Wylly 


.....JGeoga.. 


35 June, 1780.| 



♦ Word Asst. erased in original manuscript.— N . H. P. 



86 



^ Corny. Purchaser. 


Line. 


When Taken. 


Occurrence. 


1 The. Riitledge 


S. Cara 


12May, 1780... 


Exchanged. 




COMY. ISSUES 


- 


l|will. Wigg 


S. Cara 


12 May, 1780. 




FORAGE MASTER. 




1 John Cogdell | 


S. Cara 


Exchanged. 


D. 


MUSTER MASTER. 




1 Wm. Massey 


S. Cara |l2May, 1780. ..| 


ASJ 


5T. MUST. MASTER. 




1 Eras. Bremer 


S. Cara 1 13 May, 1780... 


In Philadelphia. 


1 


CHAPl 


^. TO GEN. HOSPITAL. 




Revd. M. Smith 


S. Cara |l2May, 1780.. 


In Philadelphia. 


1 




CONTL. AGENT. 




John Wereat 


Georga 20 June, 1780.. 


Exchang. Phila. 


OFFICERS TAKEN 


AT CAMDEN, 16 AND 18 AUG. 1780. 
COLONELS. 


1 


— Woolford 


Mai yd 






2 


— Vaughan 


Delar 






1 




MAJOR. 




— Patten 


1 






CAPTAINS 




1 


— Lynch 

Hamilton . . 


Mard 









do 

do 






3 


CraAwrav 






4 1 Rti ff 


do . 






5 
6 

7 


— Meredith 


Virg. Arty... 






DeBert ... 


Armds. Leg. 
do 






— LeBrun 







87 



1 


Lieutenants. 


Line. 


When Taken. Occurrence. 


1 


— Reid 


Mard 






2 


— Harris 


do 






3 


— Norris 


do 






4 


— Hinson 


do 






5 


—Duff 


Del 






6 


Cap. Lt. Walters 

— Wallace 


Virg.. Arty, 
do 






7 






8 


— Moseley 


do 







*CAPT.. LIEUTENT. 

ENSIGNS. 



1 — Gasway l.Maryd 




2 — Burgess do 




3|— McWilhams ,Del 




1 Volunteer Rutledge Maryld 





EXCHANGED. 



1 Brigadier Genl. 

2 Lieut. Colonels. 
5 Majors. 

16 Captains. 
40 Lieutenants. 

7 Second Lieutenants. 
16 Ensigns. 

2 Hospital Surgeons. 
1 1 Regimental Surgeons. 

1 Surgeons Mate. 

2 Commissaries. 

1 Forage iVl aster. 



*\Vords Capt. Lieutent erased in original Manuscript.— V. H. P. 



LBJa'09 



